Community-based trading structures play important roles in the development of local energy market (LEM). In this paper, a decentralized optimization model for the trading community formation is proposed based on the Lp-box consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), where the network features of the physical systems are explicitly represented by power loss and wheeling charging in local and regional trading level, respectively. The framework for multi-level hybrid trading network construction is introduced involving three different trading modes, i.e, traditional trading mode, agent-based trading mode and peer-to-peer (P2P) trading mode, and two hybrid trading networks, namely Traditional trading & Agent based trading (TA) and Traditional trading & Peer-to-peer trading & Agent based trading (TPA), are developed based on the trading community formation results. The corresponding profit allocation schemes are also presented for the TA and TPA hybrid trading networks respectively. A set of complex network indices is applied to analyze the network characteristics of the TA and TPA trading topologies, while the link entropy (LE) index is used to evaluate the edge significance of the communication relationship network in maintaining global connectivity. Finally, the proposed models are validated via a test system with six IEEE 33-bus systems connected through the IEEE 9-bus system. The results show that the agent-based strategy can benefit all entities compared with the SDR and contribution-based strategies, while the REO (renewable energy output)-first strategy proposed for P2P pairing is more stimulating for the selling entities with larger REOs than distance-first mode. In addition, the entities’ prices in the bi-level trading are significantly improved compared with those of the single-level trading both for agent-based trading and P2P trading. The complex index values of TA are all slightly greater than those of TPA, and a feeder with fewer managers is likely to have a larger LE value. The proposed models for trading community formation and trading network formation provide significant means for the development of sustainable LEMs.

社区贸易结构在当地能源市场（LEM）的发展中起着重要作用。本文基于乘数Lp-box共识交替方向法（ADMM），提出了一种交易社区形成的分散优化模型，其中物理系统的网络特征由局部的功率损耗和滚转收费明确表示和区域贸易水平。多层次的混合型交易网络建设框架引入了涉及三个不同的交易模式，即，传统交易模式，基于代理的交易模式和对等（P2P）交易模式，以及两个混合交易网络，即传统交易和基于代理的交易（TA）和传统交易和对等交易和代理基础贸易（TPA）是基于贸易社区形成结果而开发的。还分别为TA和TPA混合交易网络提出了相应的利润分配方案。一组复杂的网络索引用于分析TA和TPA交易拓扑的网络特征，而链路熵（LE）索引用于评估通信关系网络在维护全局连通性方面的边缘意义。最后，通过一个测试系统验证了所提出的模型，该系统具有通过IEEE 9总线系统连接的六个IEEE 33总线系统。结果表明，与基于特别提款权和基于贡献的策略相比，基于代理的策略可以使所有实体受益，而针对P2P配对提出的REO（可再生能源输出）优先策略则对距离较远的REO更大。 -优先模式。此外，与基于代理的交易和P2P交易的单级交易相比，在二级交易中实体的价格显着提高。TA的复杂指数值都比TPA的略大，并且管理者较少的馈线的LE值可能会更大。提议的贸易社区形成和贸易网络形成模型为可持续LEM的发展提供了重要手段。