Multi-reflected echoes (MREs) and satellite traces (STs) are referred in literature as ionogram signatures of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) which is a phenomenon that apparently drives spread F development mainly at nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. A long-term statistical study has been undertaken to investigate the morphological aspect of these signatures over the lower midlatitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (35.19°N, 33.38°E geographic; magnetic dip. 29.38°N) by inspecting all ionograms recorded by the DPS-4D digisonde in the interval 2009–2016. The results underline the systematic manifestation of these TID signatures over Cyprus with a possible (although not quite clear) solar activity dependence and a distinctive seasonal and diurnal occurrence rate with a seasonal peak of STs during summer and of MREs during January to April. Based on the experimental results of the present study, the seasonal occurrence rate of MREs and STs is found to increase by 75% and 56% during high solar activity periods. Satellite traces are well known ionogram signatures of TIDs and mostly correlated to the nighttime spread F formation. The occurrence of mid-latitude spread Fs over European longitude sector normally increases during summer. The occurrences of TIDs are also prominent at this interval of the year over nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. The presence of MREs as an ionogram signature of TIDs over mid-latitude ionosphere is unique in nature.

文献中将多反射回波（MRE）和卫星迹线（ST）称为电离层扰动（TID）的电离图签名，该现象显然主要在夜间中纬度电离层驱动着扩散F的发展。通过检查塞浦路斯记录的所有电离图，已进行了一项长期统计研究，以研究塞浦路斯尼科西亚（欧洲35.19°N，33.38°E地理；磁倾角29.38°N）的中低纬度欧洲这些站台上这些特征的形态特征。在2009年至2016年之间进行了DPS-4D数字化。结果强调了这些TID签名在塞浦路斯的系统性表现，可能存在（尽管不是很清楚）太阳活动依赖性，并且夏季和ST出现季节性高峰，MRE出现在1月至4月，具有季节性和昼夜出现率。根据本研究的实验结果，发现高太阳活动期间MRE和ST的季节性发生率分别增加了75％和56％。卫星迹线是众所周知的TID的电离图签名，并且大多与夜间传播的F形成有关。通常在夏季，欧洲纬度上的中纬度传播Fs的发生会增加。在一年中的这个时间间隔中，夜间中纬度电离层的TID发生也很突出。