The ballasted track structure of a high-speed railway repeatedly bears the action of vehicle loads, and the vibration energy is gradually diluted and dissipated due to the ballasted bed. It is difficult to monitor the structural health of ballasted track. By embedding sensors into the ballast, a ballast sensor was obtained. It was positioned on the ballasted track to study the structural health monitoring (SHM) under an impact excitation and to verify the Discrete Element Method (DEM)–Multi-body Dynamics (MBD) co-simulation model. Therefore, the SHM of the ballasted track is realized. The results showed that distributed ballast sensors can realize the SHM status of the ballasted track. Under an impact excitation, the peak of the main vibration frequency of the ballast at the sleeper box, sleeper end and ballast shoulder occurred at a frequency of 153 Hz. At twice the frequency, a secondary peak appeared in the ballast vibration amplitude at the sleeper box, while the vibration amplitudes at the sleeper end and ballast shoulder were suppressed. In low-frequency regime, the vibration damping performance of the ballasted bed structure was better than that in high-frequency regime. When the ballasted track structure was excited by high-frequency vibrations, the surface layer of the ballast at the sleeper box tended to splash, which affected the structural health state. Under the moving wheel load, both sides of the ballasted bed form a “cyclone” shape.

高速铁路的压载轨道结构反复承受车辆的载荷，并且由于压载床，振动能量逐渐被稀释和消散。监测压载轨道的结构健康状况很困难。通过将传感器嵌入镇流器中，获得了镇流器传感器。它位于压载轨道上，以研究冲击激励下的结构健康监测（SHM），并验证离散元方法（DEM）-多体动力学（MBD）协同仿真模型。因此，实现了压载轨道的SHM。结果表明，分布式道ast传感器可以实现道track轨道的SHM状态。在冲击激励下，镇流器在卧铺箱处的主振动频率的峰值，枕骨末端和道ast肩部的频率为153 Hz。在两倍的频率下，枕木镇流器振动幅度中出现了一个次要峰，而枕木端部和压载肩部的振动幅度得到了抑制。在低频状态下，压载床结构的振动阻尼性能要好于高频状态。当道track轨道结构被高频振动激发时，道岔处的道ast表面层倾向于飞溅，从而影响结构的健康状态。在动轮负载下，压载床的两侧形成“旋风”形状。同时抑制了枕木末端和道ast肩部的振动幅度。在低频状态下，压载床结构的振动阻尼性能要好于高频状态。当道track轨道结构被高频振动激发时，道岔处的道ast表面层倾向于飞溅，从而影响结构的健康状态。在动轮负载下，压载床的两侧形成“旋风”形状。同时抑制了枕木末端和道ast肩部的振动幅度。在低频状态下，压载床结构的振动阻尼性能要好于高频状态。当道track轨道结构被高频振动激发时，道岔处的道ast表面层倾向于飞溅，从而影响结构的健康状态。在动轮负载下，压载床的两侧形成“旋风”形状。