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Posterolateral epidural supra-C2-root approach (PESCA) for biopsy of lesions of the odontoid process in same sitting after occipitocervical fixation and decompression—perioperative management and how to avoid vertebral artery injury
Neurosurgical Review ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01468-z
Patrick Haas 1 , Till-Karsten Hauser 2 , Kosmas Kandilaris 3 , Sebastian Schenk 4 , Marcos Tatagiba 1 , Sasan Darius Adib 1
Affiliation  

This study aims to describe the posterolateral epidural supra-C2-root approach (PESCA), which might be a good alternative to the transoral, anterolateral, and other posterolateral approaches for biopsy of lesions of the odontoid process (OP). The preoperative planning of PESCA included computerized tomography (CT), CT-angiography, and three-dimensional reconstruction (if possible, even with three-dimensional print) to analyze the angle of the trajectory and the anatomy of the vertebral artery (VA). For PESCA, the patient is positioned under general anesthesia in prone position. In case of an osteolytic lesion with fracture of the OP, an X-ray is performed after positioning to verify anatomic alignment. In the first step, in case of instability and compression of the spinal cord, a craniocervical fusion and decompression is performed (laminectomy of the middle part of the C1 arc and removal of the lower part of the lateral C1 arc). The trajectory is immediately above the C2 root (and under the upper rest of the lateral part of C1 arc). Even if the trajectory is narrowed, it is possible to perform PESCA without relevant traction of the spinal cord. The vertical segment of V3 of the VA at the level of C2 is protected by the vertebral foramen, and the horizontal part of V3 is protected by the remnant upper lateral part of the C1 arc (in case of normal variants). PESCA might be a good choice for biopsy of selected lesions of the OP in same sitting procedure after craniocervical stabilization and decompression.



中文翻译:

后外侧硬膜外C2根上入路(PESCA)枕颈固定减压后同位齿状突病变活检——围手术期处理及如何避免椎动脉损伤

本研究旨在描述后外侧硬膜外 C2 根上入路 (PESCA),它可能是经口、前外侧和其他后外侧入路对齿状突 (OP) 病变进行活检的良好替代方法。PESCA 的术前规划包括计算机断层扫描 (CT)、CT 血管造影和三维重建(如果可能,甚至使用三维打印)来分析轨迹的角度和椎动脉 (VA) 的解剖结构。对于 PESCA,患者在全身麻醉下处于俯卧位。在 OP 骨折的溶骨性病变的情况下,定位后进行 X 射线检查以验证解剖对齐。第一步,在脊髓不稳定和受压的情况下,进行颅颈融合和减压(C1弧中部的椎板切除术和C1外侧弧下部的切除)。轨迹在 C2 根部的正上方(在 C1 弧的外侧部分的上部其余部分下方)。即使轨迹变窄,也可以在没有相关牵拉脊髓的情况下进行 PESCA。在C2水平的VA V3垂直段由椎孔保护,V3水平部分由C1弧的残余上外侧部分保护(在正常变异的情况下)。PESCA 可能是在颅颈稳定和减压后在同一坐姿手术中对 OP 的选定病变进行活检的不错选择。轨迹在 C2 根部的正上方(在 C1 弧的外侧部分的上部其余部分下方)。即使轨迹变窄,也可以在没有相关牵拉脊髓的情况下进行 PESCA。在C2水平的VA V3垂直段由椎孔保护,V3水平部分由C1弧的残余上外侧部分保护(在正常变异的情况下)。PESCA 可能是在颅颈稳定和减压后在同一坐姿手术中对 OP 的选定病变进行活检的不错选择。轨迹在 C2 根部的正上方(在 C1 弧的外侧部分的上部其余部分下方)。即使轨迹变窄,也可以在没有相关牵拉脊髓的情况下进行 PESCA。在C2水平的VA V3垂直段由椎孔保护,V3水平部分由C1弧的残余上外侧部分保护(在正常变异的情况下)。PESCA 可能是在颅颈稳定和减压后在同一坐姿手术中对 OP 的选定病变进行活检的不错选择。在C2水平的VA V3垂直段由椎孔保护,V3水平部分由C1弧的残余上外侧部分保护(在正常变异的情况下)。PESCA 可能是在颅颈稳定和减压后在同一坐姿手术中对 OP 的选定病变进行活检的不错选择。在C2水平的VA V3垂直段由椎孔保护,V3水平部分由C1弧的残余上外侧部分保护(在正常变异的情况下)。PESCA 可能是在颅颈稳定和减压后在同一坐姿手术中对 OP 的选定病变进行活检的不错选择。

更新日期:2021-01-11
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