Background and objectives

Migraine is an episodic disorder that is characterized by unilateral headache lasting 4–72 h along with certain associated features. Modifying dietary habits have been considered an appropriate therapeutic approach in these patients. This study was designed to examine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and severity, frequency, and duration of migraine attacks.

Methods and materials

The present study was conducted using a cross-sectional design on 256 women 18–50 years old referred to neurology clinics for the first time. After the diagnosis of migraine by a neurologist, the data related to anthropometric measures and dietary intake (147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire) were collected. To assess migraine severity, the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS), visual analog scale (VAS), and a 30-day headache diary were used. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between DDS and migraine severity. The age, physical activity, BMI, and job were considered confounding variables in regression model. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Totally, 256 subjects participated in the present study with mean age, height, weight, and BMI of 34.28 ± 7.88 years, 161.78 ± 5.18 cm, 69.25 ± 13.06 kg, and 26.46 ± 4.89 kg/m2, respectively. Subjects with higher DDS had a lower waist circumference (P = 0.01). There was no association between DDS and other anthropometric measures and demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). In the crude model of logistic regression, participants with lower DDS had higher odds of more pain severity (OR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.28, 4.12; P = 0.005), migraine disability (OR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.51, 4.69; P = 0.001), and headache duration (OR = 2.32; CI = 1.22, 4.40; P = 0.01) compared to reference group. No association was found between headache frequency and DDS. Adjusting for the effect of confounding variables did not change the significant association.

Conclusion

DDS was inversely associated with migraine disability, pain severity, and headache frequency. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and to explore mechanisms that mediate the association between DDS and migraine attacks.

中文翻译：

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饮食多样性评分 (DDS) 与女性偏头痛严重程度的关联

背景和目标

偏头痛是一种发作性疾病，其特征是持续 4-72 小时的单侧头痛以及某些相关特征。改变饮食习惯被认为是这些患者的适当治疗方法。本研究旨在检查饮食多样性评分 (DDS) 与偏头痛发作的严重程度、频率和持续时间之间的关联。

方法和材料

本研究采用横断面设计，对 256 名 18-50 岁的女性首次转诊至神经科诊所进行。在神经科医生诊断偏头痛后，收集与人体测量和饮食摄入相关的数据（147 项半定量食物频率问卷）。为了评估偏头痛的严重程度，使用了偏头痛残疾评估问卷 (MIDAS)、视觉模拟量表 (VAS) 和 30 天头痛日记。多项逻辑回归用于评估 DDS 与偏头痛严重程度之间的关联。年龄、体力活动、BMI 和工作被认为是回归模型中的混杂变量。使用 SPSS 软件分析数据，P值 < 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。

结果

共有 256 名受试者参加了本研究，平均年龄、身高、体重和 BMI 分别为 34.28 ± 7.88 岁、161.78 ± 5.18 cm、69.25 ± 13.06 kg 和 26.46 ± 4.89 kg/m2。DDS 较高的受试者腰围较低（P  = 0.01）。DDS 与其他人体测量指标和人口统计学特征之间没有关联（P  > 0.05）。在逻辑回归的粗略模型中，DDS 较低的参与者疼痛严重程度较高（OR = 2.30；95% CI = 1.28、4.12；P  = 0.005）、偏头痛残疾（OR = 2.66；95% CI = 1.51， 4.69；P  = 0.001）和头痛持续时间（OR = 2.32；CI = 1.22, 4.40；P = 0.01) 与参考组相比。没有发现头痛频率和 DDS 之间存在关联。调整混杂变量的影响并没有改变显着关联。

结论

DDS 与偏头痛残疾、疼痛严重程度和头痛频率呈负相关。需要更多的研究来复制这些发现并探索介导 DDS 和偏头痛发作之间关联的机制。