Abstract

The use of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy is often limited by problems with administration such as insolubility, inefficient biodistribution, lack of selectivity, and inability of the drug to cross cellular barriers. To overcome these limitations, various types of drug delivery systems have been explored, and recently, carbon dots (CDs) materials have also garnered attention in the field of drug delivery. In this study, we describe the preparation, characterization, and in vitro testing of the PEGlyated carbon dots (CDs) loaded with cisplatin (CDDP) termed as (CDs@CDDP). Further, the CDs@CDDP decorated with PEGylated iRGD peptide (named as CDs@CDDP-iRGD. The electroscopic and spectroscopic methods are verified by the CDs@CDDP-iRGD. Two lung cancers (A549 and HEL-299) and a non-cancerous cell line (HUVEC) were examined for the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in vitro. The nanoparticles effectively destroy cancer cells without damaging the non-cancerous cell lines. Also, the dual AO-EB fluorescent staining assay identified programmed cell death by morphological changes in the cells. The findings of our investigations also attest to promising reach and potency treatment and nursing care management of CDs@CDDP-iRGD nanoparticles for specific cancer therapy beyond platinum medicines.

Graphic Abstract

We have efficiently engineered the PEGlyated carbon dots loaded with cisplatin decorated with PEGylated iRGD peptide. The nanoparticles were confirmed by the various spectral methods (IR, UV, DLS and HR-TEM techiniques). Further, we screened the CDDP, CDs@CDDP and CDs@CDDP-iRGD, for human lung cancer cells. Additionally, CDDP, CDs@CDDP and CDs@CDDP-iRGD NPs effectively induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and the morphological changes were monitored through the AO-EB staining, and nuclear (Hoechst 33452) staining methods.

中文翻译：

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顺铂双重反应性纳米碳素的设计与合成对肺癌的靶向治疗及护理

摘要

化疗药物在癌症治疗中的使用通常受到给药问题的限制，例如不溶性，无效的生物分布，缺乏选择性以及药物无法穿越细胞屏障。为了克服这些限制，已经探索了各种类型的药物输送系统，并且最近，碳点（CD）材料也已经在药物输送领域中引起了关注。在这项研究中，我们描述了负载有顺铂（CDDP）的聚乙二醇化碳点（CDs）的制备，表征和体外测试，该顺铂（CDDP）称为（CDs @ CDDP）。此外，用聚乙二醇化的iRGD肽修饰的CDs @ CDDP（称为CDs @ CDDP-iRGD。电镜和光谱学方法已通过CDs @ CDDP-iRGD验证。检查了两种肺癌（A549和HEL-299）和一种非癌细胞系（HUVEC）在体外对纳米颗粒的细胞毒性。纳米颗粒有效地破坏了癌细胞而不会损坏非癌细胞系。同样，双重AO-EB荧光染色测定法通过细胞形态变化识别了程序性细胞死亡。我们调查的结果也证明了CDs @ CDDP-iRGD纳米粒子在铂类药物以外的特殊癌症治疗方面具有广阔的前景和潜力，并能进行护理管理。

图形摘要

我们已经有效地设计了用聚乙二醇化iRGD肽修饰的顺铂负载的聚乙二醇化碳点。通过各种光谱方法（IR，UV，DLS和HR-TEM技术）确认了纳米颗粒。此外，我们筛选了用于人肺癌细胞的CDDP，CDs @ CDDP和CDs @ CDDP-iRGD。此外，CDDP，CDs @ CDDP和CDs @ CDDP-iRGD NPs可有效诱导人肺癌细胞凋亡，并通过AO-EB染色和核（Hoechst 33452）染色方法监测形态变化。