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Effective lipid extraction from undewatered microalgae liquid using subcritical dimethyl ether
Biotechnology for Biofuels ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 , DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01871-0
Quan Wang , Kazuyuki Oshita , Masaki Takaoka

Recent studies of lipid extraction from microalgae have focused primarily on dewatered or dried samples, and the processes are simple with high lipid yield. Yet, the dewatering with drying step is energy intensive, which makes the energy input during the lipid production more than energy output from obtained lipid. Thus, exploring an extraction technique for just a thickened sample without the dewatering, drying and auxiliary operation (such as cell disruption) is very significant. Whereas lipid extraction from the thickened microalgae is complicated by the high water content involved, and traditional solvent, hence, cannot work well. Dimethyl ether (DME), a green solvent, featuring a high affinity for both water and organic compounds with an ability to penetrate the cell walls has the potential to achieve this goal. This study investigated an energy-saving method for lipid extraction using DME as the solvent with an entrainer solution (ethanol and acetone) for flocculation-thickened microalgae. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of extraction time, DME dosage, entrainer dosage, and ethanol:acetone ratio. Optimal extraction occurred after 30 min using 4.2 mL DME per 1 mL microalgae, with an entrainer dosage of 8% at 1:2 ethanol:acetone. Raw lipid yields and its lipid component (represented by fatty acid methyl ester) contents were compared against those of common extraction methods (Bligh and Dryer, and Soxhlet). Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to examine differences in lipids extracted using each of the evaluated methods. Considering influence of trace metals on biodiesel utilization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analyses were used to quantify trace metals in the extracted raw lipids, which revealed relatively high concentrations of Mg, Na, K, and Fe. Our DME-based method recovered 26.4% of total raw lipids and 54.4% of total fatty acid methyl esters at first extraction with remnants being recovered by a 2nd extraction. In additional, the DME-based approach was more economical than other methods, because it enabled simultaneous dewatering with lipid extraction and no cell disruption was required. The trace metals of raw lipids indicated a purification demand in subsequent refining process.

中文翻译:

使用亚临界二甲醚有效地从未脱水的微藻液中提取脂质

从微藻类中提取脂质的最新研究主要集中在脱水或干燥的样品上,并且该过程简单且脂质产量高。然而,通过干燥步骤进行脱水是能量密集的,这使得脂质生产期间的能量输入大于从获得的脂质输出的能量。因此,探索一种仅用于增稠样品而不进行脱水,干燥和辅助操作(例如细胞破碎)的提取技术非常重要。由于所涉及的高水含量使得从增稠的微藻中提取脂质变得复杂,因此传统的溶剂不能很好地起作用。二甲醚(DME)是一种绿色溶剂,对水和有机化合物均具有很高的亲和力,并且能够穿透细胞壁,有望实现这一目标。这项研究研究了一种节能方法,该方法以DME为溶剂,并用夹带剂溶液(乙醇和丙酮)提取絮凝增稠的微藻,从而提取脂质。根据提取时间,DME用量,夹带剂用量和乙醇:丙酮的比例评估提取效率。30分钟后,使用4.2 mL DME / 1 mL微藻进行最佳萃取,在1:2乙醇:丙酮下,夹带剂剂量为8%。将原始脂质产量及其脂质成分(以脂肪酸甲酯表示)含量与常用提取方法(Bligh和Dryer,以及Soxhlet)进行了比较。使用热重分析/差示热分析,傅立叶变换红外光谱和C / H / N元素分析来检查使用每种评估方法提取的脂质的差异。考虑到痕量金属对生物柴油利用的影响,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析法对提取的原始脂质中的痕量金属进行定量分析,结果显示出较高的Mg,Na,K和Fe浓度。我们的基于DME的方法在第一次提取时回收了26.4%的总粗脂质和54.4%的总脂肪酸甲酯,而残留物则通过第二次提取得以回收。另外,基于DME的方法比其他方法更经济,因为它可以同时进行脂质提取和脱水,并且不需要破坏细胞。原始脂质中的痕量金属表明在随后的精制过程中需要纯化。电感耦合等离子体质谱和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析用于量化提取的原始脂质中的痕量金属,从而显示出相对较高的Mg,Na,K和Fe浓度。我们基于DME的方法在第一次提取时回收了26.4%的总粗脂质和54.4%的总脂肪酸甲酯,并通过第二次提取回收了残留物。另外,基于DME的方法比其他方法更经济,因为它可以同时进行脂质提取和脱水,并且不需要破坏细胞。原始脂质中的痕量金属表明在随后的精制过程中需要纯化。电感耦合等离子体质谱和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析用于量化提取的原始脂质中的痕量金属,从而显示出相对较高的Mg,Na,K和Fe浓度。我们的基于DME的方法在第一次提取时回收了26.4%的总粗脂质和54.4%的总脂肪酸甲酯,而残留物则通过第二次提取得以回收。另外,基于DME的方法比其他方法更经济,因为它可以同时进行脂质提取和脱水,并且不需要破坏细胞。原始脂质中的痕量金属表明在随后的精制过程中需要纯化。钾和铁。我们基于DME的方法在第一次提取时回收了26.4%的总粗脂质和54.4%的总脂肪酸甲酯,并通过第二次提取回收了残留物。另外,基于DME的方法比其他方法更经济,因为它可以同时进行脂质提取和脱水,并且不需要破坏细胞。原始脂质中的痕量金属表明在随后的精制过程中需要纯化。钾和铁。我们基于DME的方法在第一次提取时回收了26.4%的总粗脂质和54.4%的总脂肪酸甲酯,并通过第二次提取回收了残留物。另外,基于DME的方法比其他方法更经济,因为它可以同时进行脂质提取和脱水,并且不需要破坏细胞。原始脂质中的痕量金属表明在随后的精制过程中需要纯化。
更新日期:2021-01-10
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