Colonization of a new environment may trigger an explosive radiation process, defined as an accelerated accumulation of species in a short period of time. However, how often colonization events trigger explosive radiations is still an open question. We studied the worldwide dispersal of the subfamily Caninae, to investigate whether the invasion of new continents resulted in explosive radiations. We used a combination of phylogenetic analyses and ancestral area reconstructions to estimate ancestral ranges of 56 extant and extinct species of Caninae, as well as variation in speciation and extinction rates through time and across clades. Our findings indicate that canids experienced an explosive radiation event when lineages were able to cross the Bering Strait and the Isthmus of Panama to reach Eurasia and South America, respectively, around 11 million years ago. This large number of species arising in a short period of time suggests that canids experienced ecological opportunity events within the new areas, implying that the differences in the ecological settings between continents may be responsible for the variation in clade dynamics. We argue that interaction with other carnivores probably also affected the diversification dynamics of canids.

中文翻译：

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犬科动物在大陆殖民之后的爆炸性多样化

新环境的殖民化可能引发爆炸性辐射过程，这被定义为在短时间内加速物种的积累。但是，殖民事件多久触发一次爆炸性辐射仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。我们研究了犬科亚科的全球分布，以调查新大陆的入侵是否导致爆炸性辐射。我们使用系统发育分析和祖先区域重建相结合的方法，估算了56种现存和灭绝犬科物种的祖传范围，以及物种和灭绝速率随时间和跨进化枝的变化。我们的发现表明，当血统能够穿越白令海峡和巴拿马地峡分别到达欧亚大陆和南美时，犬科动物经历了爆炸事件。大约在一千一百万年前 在短时间内出现的大量物种表明，犬科动物在新区域内经历了生态机会事件，这意味着大陆之间生态环境的差异可能是进化枝动态变化的原因。我们认为与其他食肉动物的相互作用也可能影响犬科动物的多样化动力。