We investigate whether inbreeding has particularly fatal consequences for dioecious plants by diminishing their floral attractiveness and the associated pollinator visitation rates disproportionally in females. We also test whether the magnitude of such effects depends on the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, olfactory, colour and rewarding flower attractiveness traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial and olfactory attractiveness. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, they highlight that inbreeding effects on olfactory attractiveness have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and specialist moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication.

中文翻译：

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性别和起源的近交对专业传粉者的花吸引力的影响

我们通过降低雌雄异花植物的花色吸引力和相关的授粉媒介探访率来调查近交繁殖对雌雄异株植物是否具有特别致命的后果。我们还测试了这种影响的程度是否取决于植物种群的进化历史。我们记录了来自欧洲和北美种群的进化史不同的实验近交和近交，雄性和雌性Silene latifolia植物的空间，嗅觉，颜色和有益的花吸引力性状以及传粉者的访视率。我们发现近交会特别损害空间和嗅觉的吸引力。我们的研究结果表明，针对性别的选择和基因表达会部分放大女性的近亲繁殖成本，而且不同的进化史改变了跨种群起源的近交效应的遗传结构。此外，他们还强调说，近亲对嗅觉吸引力的影响具有巨大的潜力，可以破坏植物与专业蛾类传粉媒介之间的相互作用，而这种相互作用是由精细的化学通讯介导的。