Abstract

Charles Darwin’s published and unpublished writings contain a plethora of references to sex variations, including intersexualities (‘hermaphroditism’), transformations of sex and non-heteronormative sexual behaviours. Marking the 150^th anniversary of his major sexological work The descent of man, this historical review examines a range of strategies that Darwin deployed in order to accommodate such variations within his evolutionism, while simultaneously attempting to mitigate the potential for condoning sexual phenomena that were feared and reviled in Victorian bourgeois society. Although he moved to cast sex-variant animals, human and non-human, as biological misfits and failures, Darwin’s commitment to the principle of primordial intersexuality (dual-sexed origins) nonetheless occasioned some of the queerest evolutionary narratives of the 19^th century. Similarly, his construal of the ‘unnatural crimes’ of indigenous peoples was contained within a hierarchical narrative of the backwardness of ‘savages’ and civilizational supremacy but was readily subject to challenge and queer reinterpretations, not least with reference to the ‘extreme sensuality’ of the classical Greeks. Despite working to subdue the queer potentialities of his evolutionism, Darwin nonetheless laid the foundations for a new, modernist sexology to emerge, a situation that was exploited by a cohort of Darwinist sexologists, Sigmund Freud chief among them, who followed in his path.

中文翻译：

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达尔文的壁橱：《人的后裔》（1871）的奇怪侧面

抽象的

查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）的已发表和未发表的著作中过多提及性别变异，包括双性恋（“雌雄同体”），性的转变和非异性性行为。这标志着150^次他的主要工作性学周年人类的由来，这项历史回顾考察了达尔文为适应进化论中的这种变化而采取的一系列策略，同时试图减轻宽容维多利亚资产阶级社会所惧怕和谴责的性现象的可能性。虽然他搬到铸性变异的动物，人类和非人类生物称职和失败，达尔文的承诺，原始雌雄间（双绝育手术的起源）的原则仍然引起的一些19的最奇怪的进化叙事^日世纪。同样，他对土著人民“非自然犯罪”的解释包含在对“野蛮人”和文明至上主义的落后的等级叙述中，但很容易受到挑战和奇怪的重新解释，尤其是关于古典希腊人。尽管努力克制他的进化论的潜能，但达尔文仍然为新兴的现代主义性学奠定了基础，这种情况被达尔文主义性学家，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）的首长利用，并沿袭了他的道路。