ABSTRACT

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan that resides in soil and freshwater. Human intranasal amoebae exposure through water or potentially dust particles can culminate in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which generally causes death. While many questions remain regarding pathogenesis, the microbial ecology of N. fowleri is even less understood. This review outlines current knowledge of the environmental abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution and abundance of N. fowleri. Although the impacts of some abiotic factors remain poorly investigated or inconclusive, N. fowleri appears to have a wide pH range, low salinity tolerance and thermophilic preference. From what is known about biotic factors, the amoebae preferentially feed upon bacteria and are preyed upon by other free-living amoebae. Additional laboratory and environmental studies are needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which are crucial for surveillance and management of N. fowleri in freshwaters. As surface water temperatures increase with climate change, it is likely that this amoeba will pose a greater threat to human health, suggesting that identifying its abiotic and biotic preferences is critical to mitigating this risk.

中文翻译：

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环境非生物和生物因素影响奈格勒菌的分布和丰度

摘要

Naegleria fowleri是一种生活在土壤和淡水中的原生动物。人鼻内变形虫通过水或可能的尘埃颗粒暴露可导致原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎，这通常会导致死亡。尽管仍然存在许多有关发病机理的问题，但人们对福氏猪笼草的微生物生态学了解甚少。这篇综述概述了影响禽鸟分布和丰富度的环境非生物和生物因子的最新知识。尽管一些非生物因素的影响仍未得到充分调查或尚无定论，但福勒猪笼草似乎具有宽的pH范围，低盐度耐受性和嗜热性。根据对生物因子的了解，变形虫优先以细菌为食，并被其他自由活动的变形虫捕食。需要进行补充的实验室和环境研究，以填补知识方面的空白，这对于淡水中的福氏猪笼草的监测和管理至关重要。随着地表水温度随气候变化而升高，这种变形虫可能会对人类健康构成更大的威胁，这表明确定其非生物和生物偏好对减轻这种风险至关重要。