Viral rhinitis contributes significantly to olfactory dysfunction, but it is unclear how many patients have other chemosensory symptoms in addition to olfactory loss. This was addressed in the present reanalysis of data previously published in Pellegrino R, Walliczek-Dworschak U, Winter G, Hull D, Hummel T. 2017. Investigation of chemosensitivity during and after an acute cold. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 7(2):185–191, using unsupervised and supervised machine-learning methods. Fifty-eight patients with acute rhinitis and 59 healthy controls were assessed for orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function, taste, and intranasal trigeminal sensitivity. Unsupervised analysis showed that during rhinitis, clinical scores of olfactory function, expressed as threshold, discrimination, identification (TDI) values, were trimodally distributed. Two minor modes were separated from the main mode at TDI = 30.5, which corresponds to the established limit of hyposmia. This trimodal distribution was not observed after the rhinitis subsided. Olfactory function was not significantly impaired in 40% of all rhinitis patients, whereas it was transiently impaired in 59%. For this group, supervised machine-learning algorithms could be trained with information on retronasal olfactory function, gustatory function, and trigeminal sensitivity to assign patients to subgroups based on orthonasal olfactory function with a balanced classification accuracy of 64–65%. The ability to recognize patients with olfactory loss based on retronasal olfactory function as well as gustatory function and trigeminal sensitivity suggests in turn that these modalities are affected by rhinitis. However, the only modest accuracy at which this information allowed to reproduce the olfactory diagnosis indicated they are involved in the symptomatology of rhinitis to a lesser extent compared with the orthonasal olfactory function.

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基于数据科学的患者亚组结构分析表明鼻炎对上呼吸道所有化学感觉的影响

病毒性鼻炎对嗅觉功能障碍有显着影响，但尚不清楚有多少患者除了嗅觉丧失外还有其他化学感觉症状。在对先前发表于 Pellegrino R、Walliczek-Dworschak U、Winter G、Hull D、Hummel T. 2017 的数据进行的重新分析中解决了这一问题。急性感冒期间和之后的化学敏感性研究。国际论坛过敏犀牛。7(2):185–191，使用无监督和有监督的机器学习方法。评估了 58 名急性鼻炎患者和 59 名健康对照者的直鼻和鼻后嗅觉功能、味觉和鼻内三叉神经敏感性。无监督分析表明，在鼻炎期间，以阈值、辨别力、识别 (TDI) 值表示的嗅觉功能临床评分呈三峰分布。在 TDI = 30.5 时，两个次要模式与主要模式分开，这对应于确定的嗅觉减退限制。在鼻炎消退后没有观察到这种三峰分布。40% 的鼻炎患者的嗅觉功能没有明显受损，而 59% 的患者嗅觉功能暂时受损。对于该组，可以使用有关鼻后嗅觉功能、味觉功能和三叉神经敏感性的信息训练有监督的机器学习算法，以根据 64-65% 的平衡分类准确度将患者分配到基于正鼻嗅觉功能的亚组。基于鼻后嗅觉功能以及味觉功能和三叉神经敏感性识别嗅觉丧失患者的能力反过来表明这些方式受到鼻炎的影响。然而，