Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.

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2型糖尿病的植物提取物：从传统医学到现代药物的发现

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是全球最大的公共卫生问题之一。胰岛素抵抗相关的代谢功能障碍和慢性高血糖症导致毁灭性的并发症和不良的预后。即使有许多常规药物，例如二甲双胍（MET），噻唑烷二酮（TZD），磺酰脲类（SUF），二肽基肽酶4（DPP-4）抑制剂，胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1）和钠葡萄糖共转运蛋白2 （SGLT-2）抑制剂，仍然存在副作用。由于已经广泛报道了许多具有抗糖尿病作用的植物提取物，因此它们有可能成为副作用较小的2型糖尿病的理想治疗剂。在这项研究中，回顾了关于缓解2型糖尿病的植物提取物的65项最新研究。植物提取物通过磷酸肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）途径调节血糖。植物提取物的抗炎和抗氧化特性抑制了诱导胰岛素抵抗的c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）和核因子κB（NF-κB）途径。脂肪生成和脂肪酸氧化也与胰岛素抵抗有关，由AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）激活来调节。这篇综述着重于发现减轻2型糖尿病的植物提取物并探索其治疗机制。AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）激活也调节与胰岛素抵抗有关的蛋白。这篇综述着重于发现减轻2型糖尿病的植物提取物并探索其治疗机制。AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）激活也调节与胰岛素抵抗有关的蛋白。这篇综述着重于发现减轻2型糖尿病的植物提取物并探索其治疗机制。