Background: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. Methods and Results: We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM_2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200m and 1km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female; average age of 52 years; and, 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM_2.5 (per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m³)were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM_2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM_2.5 or ozone.Conclusions: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM_2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.

中文翻译：

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住宅靠近绿地可减轻环境空气污染对血流动力学的影响

背景：靠近绿色的住宅与较低的心血管疾病 (CVD) 和全因死亡率风险相关。然而，尚不清楚绿色的有益影响是否与环境空气污染物影响的减少有关。方法和结果：我们测量了 73 名具有中度至高度 CVD 风险的参与者的动脉僵硬度。环境 PM _2.5和臭氧的平均水平是根据当地监测站计算得出的。使用卫星得出的归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 估算每个参与者住宅周围 200m 和 1km 半径范围内的住宅绿化度。参与者中 51% 为女性；平均年龄52岁；并且，79％的人被诊断出高血压。在多元线性回归模型中，住宅 NDVI 与增强指数负相关（每 0.1 NDVI -3.8%）。PM _2.5的环境浓度（每四分位距 (IQR) 为 6.9 µg/m ³）与增压压 (3.1 mmHg)、脉压 (5.9 mmHg) 和主动脉收缩压 (8.1 mmHg) 呈正相关。臭氧（每 IQR 为 0.03 ppm）与增强指数 (5.5%)、增强压 (3.1 mmHg) 和主动脉收缩压 (10 mmHg) 呈正相关。在绿度较低的地区，PM _2.5和臭氧均与脉压呈正相关。此外，臭氧与增压和收缩压呈正相关。_{然而，在绿化程度较高的地区，动脉僵硬度指数与 PM 2.5}或臭氧之间没有显着关联。结论：住宅靠近绿化程度与较低的动脉僵硬度值相关。_{住宅绿化可以减轻 PM 2.5}和臭氧对动脉僵硬度的不利影响。