Look into my eyes: Pupillometry reveals that a post‐hypnotic suggestion for word blindness reduces Stroop interference by marshalling greater effortful control,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Look into my eyes: Pupillometry reveals that a post‐hypnotic suggestion for word blindness reduces Stroop interference by marshalling greater effortful control
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15105
Benjamin A. Parris ₁ , Nabil Hasshim ₁ , Zoltan Dienes ₂

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The mechanisms underpinning the apparently remarkable levels of cognitive and behavioural control following hypnosis and hypnotic suggestion are poorly understood. Numerous independent studies have reported that Stroop interference can be reduced following a post‐hypnotic suggestion that asks participants to perceive words as if made up of characters from a foreign language. This effect indicates that frontal executive functions can be more potent than is generally accepted and has been described as resulting from top‐down control not normally voluntarily available. We employed eye tracking and pupillometry to investigate whether the effect results from voluntary visuo‐attentional strategies (subtly looking away from the word to prevent optimal word processing), reduced response conflict but not overall conflict, Stroop effects being pushed from response selection to response execution (response durations) or increased proactive effortful control given enhanced contextual motivation (as indexed via pupil dilation). We replicated the reduction in Stroop interference following the suggestion despite removing any trials on which eye movements were not consistent with optimal word processing. Our data were inconclusive with regards to conflict type affected by the suggestion in the latency data, although preserved semantic conflict was evident in the pupil data. There was also no evidence of Stroop effects on response durations. However, we show that baseline‐corrected pupil sizes were larger following the suggestion indicating the socio‐cognitive context and experimental demands motivate participants to marshal greater effortful control.

中文翻译：

看着我的眼睛：眼动仪显示催眠后对单词失明的建议通过加强控制力度来减少Stroop干扰

催眠和催眠暗示后，明显的认知和行为控制水平的基础机制知之甚少。众多独立研究报告称，在催眠后提出一项建议，要求参与者将单词视为由外来字符组成的单词后，就可以减少Stroop干扰。这种影响表明，正面执行功能的功能可能比一般接受的更强大，并且被描述为自上而下的控制通常无法自愿获得的结果。我们采用了眼动追踪和瞳孔测量法来研究效果是否来自自愿的视听注意策略（巧妙地将视线移开以防止最佳的文字处理），减少的响应冲突而不是整体的冲突，Stroop效应从响应选择推向响应执行（响应持续时间），或者在增强了情境动机的情况下增加主动的努力控制（如通过瞳孔扩张进行索引）。尽管删除了任何关于眼球运动与最佳文字处理不一致的试验，我们还是按照建议重复了Stroop干扰的减少。尽管在瞳孔数据中保留的语义冲突很明显，但关于受延迟数据建议影响的冲突类型，我们的数据尚无定论。也没有证据显示Stroop对反应持续时间有影响。但是，我们表明，根据建议的基线校正后的瞳孔尺寸较大，表明社会认知背景和实验需求促使参与者采取更大的努力控制。

更新日期：2021-01-10

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