Fig fruit ripening is regulated by the interaction between ethylene and abscisic acid,Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

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Fig fruit ripening is regulated by the interaction between ethylene and abscisic acid
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 , DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13065
Han Qiao ₁ , Han Zhang ₁ , Zhun Wang ₁ , Yuanyue Shen ₁

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Fleshy fruit ripening is typically regulated by ethylene in climacteric fruits and abscisic acid (ABA) in non‐climacteric fruits. Common fig (Ficus carica) shows a dual‐ripening mechanism, which is not fully understood. Here, we detected separate peaks of ethylene and ABA in fig fruits at the onset‐ and on‐ripening stages, in conjunction with a sharp rise in glucose and fructose contents. In a newly‐designed split‐fruit system, exogenous ethylene failed to rescue fluridone‐inhibited fruit ripening, whereas exogenous ABA rescued 2‐amino‐ethoxy‐vinyl glycine (AVG)‐inhibited fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes key to both ABA and ethylene biosynthesis and perception during fig fruit ripening. At the de‐greening stage, downregulation of FcACO2 or FcPYL8 retarded ripening, but downregulation of FcETR1/2 did not; unexpectedly, downregulation of FcAAO3 promoted ripening, but it inhibited ripening only before the de‐greening stage. Furthermore, we detected an increase in ethylene emissions in the FcAAO3‐RNAi ripening fruit and a decrease in ABA levels in the FcACO2‐RNAi unripening fruit. Importantly, FcPYL8 can bind to ABA, suggesting that it functions as an ABA receptor. Our findings support the hypothesis that ethylene regulates the fig fruit ripening in an ABA‐dependent manner. We propose a model for the role of the ABA–ethylene interaction in climacteric/non‐climacteric processes.

中文翻译：

无花果果实的成熟受乙烯和脱落酸的相互作用调节

肉质成熟的果实通常受更年期果实中的乙烯和非更年期果实中的脱落酸（ABA）的调节。无花果（Ficus carica）显示了一种双熟化机制，目前尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们在无花果果实的开始和成熟阶段分别检测到乙烯和ABA的峰值，同时葡萄糖和果糖含量急剧上升。在新设计的拆分水果系统中，外源乙烯无法挽救氟啶酮抑制的水果成熟，而外源ABA拯救了2-氨基-乙氧基-乙烯基甘氨酸（AVG）抑制的水果成熟。转录组分析揭示了无花果果实成熟过程中ABA和乙烯生物合成和感知关键基因的表达变化。在绿化阶段，FcACO2的下调或FcPYL8延迟成熟，但FcETR1 / 2的下调却没有；出乎意料的是，FcAAO3的下调促进了成熟，但仅在脱绿阶段之前才抑制成熟。此外，我们检测到的增加乙烯排放FcAAO3 -RNAi成熟的水果和在ABA水平的降低FcACO2 -RNAi unripening果。重要的是，FcPYL8可以与ABA结合，表明它起ABA受体的作用。我们的发现支持以下假设：乙烯以ABA依赖性方式调节无花果果实的成熟。我们提出了一个模型，用于ABA-乙烯相互作用在更年期/非更年期过程中的作用。

更新日期：2021-03-03

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