Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand,Hydrological Processes

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Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand
Hydrological Processes ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 , DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14040
Christine Alewell ₁ , Jen‐How Huang ₁ , Timothy I. McLaren ₂ , Lea Huber ₁ , Else K. Bünemann _{2,

3}

Affiliation

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for treating wastewater by sequestering nutrients and contaminants. Our aim was to assess the main phosphorus (P) binding states in operating CWs to assess P saturation and indications on P recycling potential of filter materials, which might be necessary under future peak P scenarios. The investigated vertical flow CWs (operation time up to 16 years) are based on either fluviatile (Fluv) sand or zeolite‐ (Ze‐LS) and clinopyroxene (Cl‐LS)‐dominated lava sand. Organic and inorganic P accumulated in all CWs independent of filter materials and showed a considerable increase with operation time. Concentrations of P decreased sharply with depth in the Fluv‐CWs compared to only a slight decrease in the lava sand CWs, with P concentrations of deeper horizons approximating the relatively P enriched original lava sand substrates. Orthophosphate was the dominant pool in all CWs, while the sum of organic fractions ranged between 11% and 33%. Sequential extraction indicated that P was mainly associated with Fe and Al (hydr)oxides for Fluv‐CWs and Ze‐LS‐CWs, while Ca and Mg bound mineral phosphates dominated in Cl‐LS‐CWs. Oxalate extractions pointed to a clear dominance of P fractions associated with poorly crystalline Fe‐ and Al‐(oxy)hydroxides. Solution ³¹P NMR analyses revealed that inositol hexakisphosphates were a major pool of organic P in surface layers of CWs, which increased with operation time. With a maximum of 0.5% P content, filter sands do not appear to be a suitable fertilizer for direct application to agricultural fields. The dominance of inorganic, poorly crystalline P species point to potentially high desorption capacity which might be investigated further, to assess recycling potential of P or usage of filter materials as soil amendments with relatively high plant available P. The latter might become feasible and economically attractive under future P scarcity. Simultaneously, P saturation indexes (DPS) did not indicate an imminent P saturation of filters, since P accumulation was not restricted by binding to Al and Fe minerals.

中文翻译：

沸石和斜柏石为主的熔岩提高了人工湿地的磷保留能力

人工湿地（CW）是通过隔离养分和污染物来处理废水的工程系统。我们的目的是评估运行中的化学废物中的主要磷（P）结合状态，以评估磷的饱和度以及滤料的磷回收潜力的指标，这在未来的峰值磷情景下可能是必要的。所研究的垂直流连续波（运行时间长达16年）基于易碎（Fluv）砂或沸石（Ze-LS）和斜柏（Cl-LS）为主的熔岩。有机和无机P积累在所有连续水中，与过滤材料无关，并且随着运行时间的增加而显着增加。在Fluv-CW中，P的浓度随深度的增加而急剧下降，而熔岩CW中的P浓度仅略有下降，较深层的P浓度接近相对富P的原始熔岩砂基质。在所有化学废物中，正磷酸盐是最主要的库，而有机组分的总和在11％至33％之间。顺序萃取表明，对于Fluv-CWs和Ze-LS-CWs，P主要与Fe和Al（氢）氧化物有关，而与Cl-LS-CWs结合的Ca和Mg矿物磷酸盐占主导地位。草酸盐萃取表明，与结晶度较弱的Fe-和Al-（羟基）氢氧化物相关的P馏分具有明显优势。解决方案草酸盐萃取表明，与结晶度较弱的Fe-和Al-（羟基）氢氧化物相关的P馏分具有明显优势。解决方案草酸盐萃取表明，与结晶度较弱的Fe-和Al-（羟基）氢氧化物相关的P馏分具有明显优势。解决方案³¹ P NMR分析表明，肌醇六磷酸酯是连续波表面层中有机P的主要集合，随操作时间的增加而增加。最高含磷量为0.5％，滤砂似乎不是直接应用于农业领域的合适肥料。无机的，结晶性差的P物种的优势表明其潜在的高解吸能力，可以进一步研究以评估P的回收潜力或使用具有较高植物有效P的土壤改良剂来使用过滤材料。后者可能变得可行并且在经济上具有吸引力在未来的P稀缺之下。同时，P饱和度指数（DPS）并不表示过滤器即将达到P饱和度，因为P的积累不受与Al和Fe矿物结合的限制。

更新日期：2021-02-11

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