Family socio-economic status (SES) is significantly related to disparities in children’s executive function. Children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds perform worse on executive function tasks than their peers from high-SES families. The protective factors in the relationship between SES and executive function have not been sufficiently investigated, especially from the perspective of parents’ and children’s perceptions and expectations regarding SES. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether parental subjective SES and children’s subjective social mobility separately moderated the relationship between family SES and children’s executive function among 885 participants aged 9–13 years. The results showed that family SES was positively related to the three components of executive function (cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory). Moreover, the relationship between SES and cognitive flexibility was weak among the children with a high level of subjective social mobility or those whose parents had high levels of subjective SES. Among children from families with economic hardship, subjective social mobility is a potential protective factor mitigating the negative effects of low family SES on their cognitive flexibility.

中文翻译：

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家庭社会经济地位与儿童执行功能：父母主观社会经济地位与儿童主观社会流动性的调节作用

家庭社会经济地位（SES）与儿童执行功能的差异显着相关。与来自高社会经济地位家庭的同龄人相比，来自经济弱势背景的儿童在执行功能任务上的表现更差。SES 与执行功能关系中的保护因素尚未得到充分研究，特别是从父母和儿童对 SES 的看法和期望的角度来看。因此，本研究旨在检验父母主观社会经济地位和儿童主观社会流动性是否分别调节了 885 名 9-13 岁参与者的家庭社会经济地位与儿童执行功能之间的关系。结果表明，家庭社会经济地位与执行功能的三个组成部分（认知灵活性、抑制控制、和工作记忆）。此外，在主观社会流动性高的儿童或父母主观社会经济地位高的儿童中，社会经济地位与认知灵活性之间的关系较弱。在经济困难家庭的儿童中，主观社会流动性是减轻家庭社会经济地位低对其认知灵活性的负面影响的潜在保护因素。