Broadband transparent photodetectors are achieved through the formation of a metal oxide heterojunction. A high transmittance of 66.63% for visible light (400–800 nm) results from the wide energy bandgaps of TiO₂ (3 eV) and NiO (3.86 eV). The metal-oxide heterojunction generates a photovoltaic effect due to the high open-circuit voltage (0.4 V), which spontaneously drives the NiO/TiO₂ photodetector for self-powered operations. Therefore, the transparent NiO/TiO₂ photodetector exhibits a self-operation mode with a fast response time (0.1 ms) while providing a high responsivity (0.43 A W⁻¹) and detectivity (8.6 × 10⁹ Jones) without any external bias. Extreme cycle testing (over 20,000 times) was performed to confirm the high stability of the transparent NiO/TiO₂ photodetector. The proposed photovoltaic device can be an invisible power generator itself and be adopted for transparent optoelectronics, such as sensors, imaging, and memory applications with its self-operation mode.

宽带透明光电探测器是通过形成金属氧化物异质结来实现的。TiO ₂（3 eV）和NiO（3.86 eV）的宽能带隙使可见光（400-800 nm）的透射率达到66.63％。由于高的开路电压（0.4 V），金属氧化物异质结会产生光伏效应，从而自发地驱动NiO / TiO ₂光电探测器进行自供电操作。因此，透明NiO / TiO ₂光电探测器表现出具有快速响应时间（0.1 ms）的自操作模式，同时提供高响应度（0.43 AW ^-1）和检测率（8.6×10 ^9）琼斯），没有任何外部偏见。进行了极端循环测试（超过20,000次）以确认透明NiO / TiO ₂光电探测器的高稳定性。所提出的光伏装置本身可以是不可见的发电机，并且可以通过其自操作模式用于透明的光电器件，例如传感器，成像和存储应用。