Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can synthesize biomass as a potential source of bioenergy. The hydrolysis of a microalgal cell wall is the main issue in biofuel production. A cost–benefit method with a positive energy balance for cell wall hydrolysis should be optimized. Biological pretreatment is an environmentally friendly technique that has yielded promising results in microalgae because of the absence of lignin in their structure. Pretreatment with bacteria is one of the promising approaches of biological pretreatment. Generally, bacteria can produce enzymes required for the digestion of different biomasses; therefore, they do not encounter further problems associated with enzyme deactivation. Finding new bacterial isolates for biological pretreatment development is an essential step toward attaining an efficient and economic pretreatment method. In this work, the application of bacterial pretreatment in microalgal biomass is highlighted. Moreover, the potential of the microbiome from the digestive system of various organisms as a novel source of hydrolytic bacteria and enzymes is elaborated.

微藻是可以合成生物质作为潜在生物能源的光合作用生物。微藻细胞壁的水解是生物燃料生产中的主要问题。应该优化具有正能量平衡的细胞壁水解的成本效益方法。生物预处理是一种环境友好的技术，由于其结构中缺乏木质素，因此在微藻中已产生了可喜的结果。用细菌进行预处理是生物预处理的有前途的方法之一。通常，细菌会产生消化不同生物质所需的酶；因此，它们不会遇到与酶失活有关的其他问题。寻找新的细菌分离物用于生物预处理开发是实现有效且经济的预处理方法的重要步骤。在这项工作中，强调了细菌预处理在微藻生物质中的应用。此外，阐述了来自各种生物体的消化系统的微生物组作为水解细菌和酶的新来源的潜力。