Metamaterials have attracted much attention due to their subwavelength scales, especially in the field of designing terahertz devices. In this paper, a graphene-vanadium oxide (VO₂) composite aluminum (GVCA) metamaterial absorber with two-dimensional control properties is designed. The simulation results show that the number of narrowband absorption peaks in the absorption spectrum can be switched through the phase transition characteristics of VO₂. The number of narrow-band absorption peaks before and after the phase transition is one and two, and the absorption efficiency is 100% and 90%, respectively. The physical mechanism of narrowband absorption peaks is analyzed by electric field and surface current distribution. The influencing factors of narrowband absorption peaks are explored, including the line length of graphene, the linewidth of graphene and the side length of VO₂. Through active regulation of the graphene Fermi level, the absorption bandwidth can completely cover the entire frequency band of 0.1–1.1 THz, and the absorption efficiency can be maintained at about 90%. For different linear polarized (LP) waves, the influence of the incident angle on the absorption performance is studied respectively. This work promotes the application of metamaterials in THz imaging, sensing, and cloaking.

超材料由于其亚波长尺度而备受关注，特别是在太赫兹器件设计领域。本文设计了一种具有二维控制特性的石墨烯-钒氧化物（VO ₂）复合铝（GVCA）超材料吸收体。仿真结果表明，可以通过VO ₂的相变特性来改变吸收光谱中窄带吸收峰的数目。。相变之前和之后的窄带吸收峰的数目为一和两个，吸收效率分别为100％和90％。通过电场和表面电流分布来分析窄带吸收峰的物理机理。探讨了窄带吸收峰的影响因素，包括石墨烯的线长，石墨烯的线宽和VO ₂的边长。。通过主动调节石墨烯费米能级，吸收带宽可以完全覆盖0.1–1.1 THz的整个频带，吸收效率可以保持在90％左右。对于不同的线性极化（LP）波，分别研究了入射角对吸收性能的影响。这项工作促进了超材料在太赫兹成像，传感和隐身中的应用。