Croton gratissimus Burch. is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a range of conditions including malaria, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, urinary tract infections, gonorrhoea and impotence. The young branches and leaves are pleasantly aromatic, and it is recorded that various ethnic groups in South Africa used the leaves as a perfume. The chemistry of the non-volatile constituents has been widely investigated. However, little scientific data on the volatile constituents are available. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and twigs (n = 62) collected at different locations in South Africa. The hydrodistilled oils were analysed with gas chromatography coupled simultaneously to a mass spectrometer (MS) and a flame ionisation detector (FID). GC–MS/FID of the EOs showed the presence of mono- and sesquiterpenes as the major class of compounds. The most abundant compounds were β-pinene (nd–13.7%), sabinene (0.2–16.7%), α-phellandrene (0.4–44.3%), Z-β-ocimene (0.2–12.5%), limonene (0.2–38.3%), p-cymene (0.1–25.2%), phytol (nd–24.9%) and oxidohimachalene (nd–54.6%). Untargeted analysis of the GC–MS data was performed using SIMCA-P + 14.0, and different methods were used to explore possible chemical variation in the data set. After principal component analysis (PCA), the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed three major chemotypes. Loadings and contribution plots identified oxidohimachalene as the main chemical marker for chemotype 1. Chemotype 2 was dominated by α-phellandrene, α-pinene and p-cymene, while chemotype 3 was characterised by low yields of α-phellandrene and oxidohimachalene. This study revealed mostly quantitative rather than qualitative variation in the EOs constituents of C. gratissimus.

巴豆免费的伯克。在传统医学中广泛用于治疗各种疾病，包括疟疾，高血压，糖尿病，关节炎，尿路感染，淋病和阳imp。年轻的树枝和树叶散发着宜人的芳香，据记录，南非的各个民族都使用树叶作为香水。非挥发性成分的化学性质已被广泛研究。但是，关于挥发性成分的科学数据很少。通过从叶和嫩枝中进行水蒸馏获得精油（EOs）（n = 62）在南非的不同位置收集。加氢蒸馏的油用同时连接到质谱仪（MS）和火焰离子化检测器（FID）的气相色谱仪进行分析。EO的GC-MS / FID显示单萜和倍半萜是主要的化合物。最丰富的化合物是β-pine烯（nd–13.7％），sabinene（0.2–16.7％），α-phellandrene（0.4–44.3％），Z - β-ocimene （0.2–12.5％），li烯（0.2–38.3） ％），对-Cymene（0.1–25.2％），植醇（nd–24.9％）和himohimachalene（nd–54.6％）。使用SIMCA- P对GC-MS数据进行非目标分析 + 14.0，并使用不同的方法探索数据集中可能的化学变化。经过主成分分析（PCA）后，层次聚类分析（HCA）发现了三种主要的化学型。负荷和贡献图确定了氧化型喜马al烯是化学型1的主要化学标志物。化学型2的主要成分是α-水芹烯，α- pine烯和对苯甲基，而化学型3的特征是α-水芹烯和氧化性喜马草的低收率。这项研究揭示了大多定量而不是在佳能EOS成分的定性变化C. gratissimus。