Aspergillus section Fumigati is one of the sections of the Aspergillus genus most often associated with respiratory symptoms. The azole-resistant clinical isolates in this section have been widely described worldwide. More recently, the environmental origin of azole resistance has been correlated with the development of fungal diseases and therapeutic failure. This paper presents a review of several studies performed in Portuguese occupational environments focusing on occupational exposure to this section and give guidance to exposure assessors and industrial hygienists to ensure an accurate exposure assessment. Future studies should tackle the limitations concerning the assessment of occupational exposure to the Fumigati section, in order to allow the implementation of adequate risk management measures. In the light of the results of previous studies, the following approach is proposed to ensure an accurate exposure assessment: a) a combination of active and passive sampling methods appropriate to each occupational environment; b) the use, in parallel, of culture-based methods and molecular tools to overcome the limitations of each method; c) evaluation of the mycobiota azole resistance profile; and d) consider the possible simultaneous presence of mycotoxins produced by this section when assessing workers occupational exposure. In sum, preventing the development of fungal strains resistant to azoles will only be achieved with a holistic approach. An adequate “One Health approach” can contribute positively to concerted actions in different sectors, by reducing the use of fungicides through the introduction of crops and agricultural practices that prevent fungal colonization, and by promoting the rational use of antifungal drugs in human and animal health.

曲霉部分Fumigati是曲霉属中最常与呼吸道症状相关的部分之一。本节中的唑类耐药临床分离株已在世界范围内广泛描述。最近，唑类抗性的环境起源与真菌疾病的发展和治疗失败有关。本文回顾了在葡萄牙职业环境中进行的几项研究，重点关注本节的职业暴露，并为暴露评估员和工业卫生师提供指导，以确保准确的暴露评估。未来的研究应解决有关评估职业暴露于Fumigati的局限性部分，以允许实施适当的风险管理措施。根据先前研究的结果，建议采用以下方法来确保准确的暴露评估： a) 适用于每个职业环境的主动和被动采样方法的组合；b) 同时使用基于培养的方法和分子工具来克服每种方法的局限性；c) 评估真菌生物唑类的耐药性；d) 在评估工人职业暴露时，考虑本节产生的霉菌毒素可能同时存在。总之，防止对唑类耐药的真菌菌株的发展只能通过整体方法来实现。适当的“同一个健康方法”可以为不同部门的协调行动做出积极贡献，