This study examined whether three- and five-year-old children and adults changed their perceptions of a robot after a naturalistic interaction with it. We examined whether participants exhibited animism errors (i.e., attributing biological properties to a target in addition to psychological, perceptual, and name properties) or agentic animism (i.e., attributing psychological, perceptual, name, and artifact properties to a target while not attributing biological properties) before and after they interacted with the robot. Results indicated that the three-year-olds made animism errors: they were more likely than older participants to attribute biological properties to the robot, although this tendency decreased after the interaction. The five-year-olds and adults did not attribute biological properties to the robot before or after the interaction, suggesting that they did not make animism errors. Additionally, the five-year-olds attributed more perceptual properties to the robot after the interaction and the adults showed a similar, yet modest tendency. Thus, older participants tended to exhibit agentic animism. Through a discussion of the differences between young children's and older participants' animism, we found that it is necessary to further study this topic to create robots that are better suited to people's needs.

这项研究调查了3岁和5岁的儿童和成人在与机器人进行自然主义互动后是否改变了对机器人的看法。我们检查了参与者是否表现出泛灵论错误（即，除了心理，知觉和名字属性外，将生物学特性归因于目标）或代理泛灵论（即将心理，知觉，名称和人工产物归因于目标，而未归因于生物学）属性）与机器人互动之前和之后。结果表明，这三岁的孩子犯了万物有灵论的错误：他们比年龄较大的参与者更可能将生物学特性归因于机器人，尽管这种趋势在互动之后有所下降。五岁的成年人和成年人在互动之前或之后均未将机器人的生物学特性归因于机器人，表明他们没有犯万物有灵的错误。此外，在互动之后，五岁的孩子将更多的感性归因于机器人，而成年人则表现出相似但适度的趋势。因此，年长的参与者倾向于表现出代理万物有灵。通过讨论幼儿和年龄较大的参与者的万物有灵论之间的差异，我们发现有必要进一步研究该主题，以创建更适合人们需求的机器人。