Fluorine (F) is widely distributed in soils and is not an essential element for the normal growth of a plant, but in higher concentrations, it is toxic. However, the environmental toxicity of F in soils is still controversial. A pot experiment of broad bean and maize under the exposure to F was performed to elucidate F phytotoxicity and the response of the microbial community in soils. Six different levels (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg kg^–1) of sodium fluoride were spiked into the soil. The results revealed that the height of stem and root decreased with increasing concentration of F. Germination rate and fresh weight showed no difference in different treatments. At the treatment of 1000 mg kg⁻¹ F, the degradation rates of pigments were 30.6%, 42.9%, and 35.7% for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophylls compared with control, respectively. All treatments showed a higher level of F accumulation in root than that in stem and leaf, and stem had a minimum F accumulation. Proteobacteria was the dominant species in bacteria and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria declined significantly with F exposure. Moreover, the number of microbial species both in bacteria and fungus was reduced for the increase of F. In general, our results revealed that high concentrations of F inhibited the growth of broad bean and maize but without visual symptom. The effect of fluorine on broad bean and maize is clarified in the present study which is instructive for agricultural safety.

氟（F）广泛分布于土壤中，不是植物正常生长的必需元素，但浓度较高时，它是有毒的。但是，F在土壤中的环境毒性仍存在争议。进行了F暴露条件下的蚕豆和玉米的盆栽实验，以阐明F的植物毒性和土壤中微生物群落的响应。将六种不同水平（0、200、400、600、800和1000 mg kg ^–1）的氟化钠加标到土壤中。结果表明，随着F浓度的增加，茎和根的高度降低。不同处理对发芽率和鲜重无影响。在治疗1000 mg kg ^-1F，叶绿素a，叶绿素b和总叶绿素与对照相比，色素的降解率分别为30.6％，42.9％和35.7％。所有处理均显示根部的F积累水平高于茎和叶中的F积累水平，茎中的F积累最低。变形杆菌是细菌中的优势菌种，随着F暴露，变形杆菌的相对丰度显着下降。此外，随着F的增加，细菌和真菌中的微生物数量均减少。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，高浓度的F抑制蚕豆和玉米的生长，但没有视觉症状。本研究阐明了氟对蚕豆和玉米的影响，对农业安全具有指导意义。