Nanoporous metals with bicontinuous ligament-channel structure are of great importance in catalysis, electro-catalysis, actuation and energy storage and conversion. However, the intrinsic brittleness of nanoporous metals has always been the “Achilles heel” that impedes their practical applications. Utilizing the vapor pressure difference of metals, herein we propose a flexible and general vapor phase alloying (VPA)-dealloying strategy to fabricate nanoporous layers supported on the substrates with the same element. By adjusting the VPA time and temperature, the thickness and microstructure control over nanoporous layers can be realized by combining with diverse dealloying methods. Besides, various metals including Ag, Au, Cu, Co and Ni with different macro sizes and shapes can be fabricated into nanoporous structures through this method. More importantly, the greatly improved tensile ductility owing to the nanoporous layer-substrate structure and well enhanced catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction of the as-fabricated nanoporous metals signify great potentials of the VPA-dealloying strategy for practical applications.

具有双连续韧带通道结构的纳米多孔金属在催化，电催化，致动以及能量存储和转化中非常重要。然而，纳米多孔金属固有的脆性一直是阻碍其实际应用的“致命弱点”。利用金属的蒸汽压差，本文中我们提出了一种灵活的通用气相合金化（VPA）脱合金策略，以制造用相同元素支撑在基材上的纳米多孔层。通过调节VPA时间和温度，可以通过结合多种脱合金方法来实现对纳米多孔层的厚度和微结构的控制。此外，通过这种方法可以将具有不同宏观尺寸和形状的各种金属包括Ag，Au，Cu，Co和Ni制成纳米孔结构。