Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP), MXene and borophene, have aroused extensive attention since the discovery of graphene in 2004. They have wide range of applications in many research fields, such as optoelectronic devices, energy storage, catalysis, owing to their striking physical and chemical properties. Among them, anisotropic 2D material is one kind of 2D materials that possess different properties along different directions caused by the intrinsic anisotropic atoms’ arrangement of the 2D materials, mainly including BP, borophene, low-symmetry TMDs (ReSe₂ and ReS₂) and group IV monochalcogenides (SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe). Recently, a series of new devices has been fabricated based on these anisotropic 2D materials. In this review, we start from a brief introduction of the classifications, crystal structures, preparation techniques, stability, as well as the strategy to discriminate the anisotropic characteristics of 2D materials. Then, the recent advanced applications including electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, thermoelectric devices and nanomechanical devices based on the anisotropic 2D materials both in experiment and theory have been summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in device designs, integration, mechanical analysis, and micro-/nano-fabrication techniques related to anisotropic 2D materials have been discussed. This review is aimed to give a generalized knowledge of anisotropic 2D materials and their current devices applications, and thus inspiring the exploration and development of other kinds of new anisotropic 2D materials and various novel device applications.

自2004年发现石墨烯以来，二维（2D）材料，例如过渡金属二硫化氢（TMD），黑磷（BP），MXene和硼苯，就引起了广泛的关注。它们在许多研究领域中都有广泛的应用，由于其惊人的物理和化学特性，例如光电器件，能量存储，催化。其中，各向异性2D材料是一种2D材料，由于2D材料的固有各向异性原子的排列而在不同方向上具有不同的特性，主要包括BP，硼烷，低对称TMD（ReSe ₂和ReS ₂）和第IV组单硫族化物（SnS，SnSe，GeS和GeSe）。最近，已经基于这些各向异性的2D材料制造了一系列新设备。在这篇综述中，我们从对分类，晶体结构，制备技术，稳定性以及区分二维材料各向异性特征的策略的简要介绍开始。然后，总结了基于各向异性二维材料的电子器件，光电器件，热电器件和纳米机械器件的最新先进应用在实验和理论上的应用。最后，讨论了与各向异性2D材料相关的设备设计，集成，机械分析和微/纳米加工技术中的当前挑战和前景。