Rechargeable energy storage systems become an indispensable element to drive the electrified modern society as attributed to the groundbreaking development of rocking chair lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). For the past thirty years, LIBs significantly advance in their building materials and architectures that continue to shape forthcoming electronic applications with high energy density and ultra-long service periods. As facing the limitation of performance metrics by traditional LIBs, varied forms of rechargeable batteries emerged and the relevant researches are a fast-paced field, which call for the fundamental understanding of battery concepts. This review covers the basic study on the rocking chair LIBs regarding the charge storage mechanism across the principal battery components of the anode, cathode, and electrolytes, including the redox reactions and mass transports at the interfaces. Chronological perspectives on the active host materials are explored along with their advantages, scientific hurdles, and preliminary solutions from their outset to the recent designs. Finally, we discuss the most feasible and practical forms of batteries toward which the rocking chair LIBs should proceed.

由于摇椅锂离子电池（LIB）的突破性发展，可充电储能系统成为推动电气化现代社会必不可少的元素。在过去的三十年中，LIB在其建筑材料和建筑方面取得了长足的进步，它们继续以高能量密度和超长服务期来塑造即将到来的电子应用。面对传统LIB的性能指标的局限性，出现了各种形式的可充电电池，并且相关的研究是一个快节奏的领域，它要求对电池概念有基本的了解。这篇综述涵盖了关于摇椅LIB的基础研究，涉及跨阳极，阴极和电解质等主要电池成分的电荷存储机制，包括界面上的氧化还原反应和传质。从时序开始，对活性基质材料进行了探讨，并从它们的优势，科学障碍以及从开始到最新设计的初步解决方案进行了探讨。最后，我们讨论了摇椅LIB应朝着的最可行和最实用的电池形式。