The sub-Himalayan zone of the Himalaya is bounded by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the northern side and by the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in the southern side. HFT is the youngest major tectonic boundary of the Himalaya, separating the Siwalik Hills from the Indo-Gangetic plains. The HFT and Piedmont fault make the densely populated foothill region vulnerable to seismicity. A morphotectonic study of active faults and frontal anticlines was carried out near the Ghaggar basin along the NW part of the Himalaya. To investigate morphotectonic setup during tectonic deformation, spatial imagery and morphometric parameters extracted from DEM were used along with field investigation. The analysis divulges an important active tectonic setting of the Siwalik foothills, which governs the morphology of the Ghaggar basin and fluvial processes in the area. Variations in the topographic pattern and the interaction of the river drainage system with faults and folds were measured to describe the evolution of tectonic landforms. Drainage pattern development, drainage basin asymmetry young stage of hypsometric curve, active mountain fronts and vigorous down cutting of river indicate active anticline growth. This active fold growth is advanced by the movements along the blind thrust system of the HFT. Morphotectonic evidence such as fracture, fault scarp, river terraces, and active anticlines during field investigation further confirms the recent tectonic activity due to fault-propagated fold growth.

中文翻译：

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基于遥感和GIS技术的喜马拉雅西北锋区Ghaggar盆地地貌构造研究

喜马拉雅亚喜马拉雅带北侧以主边界冲断层 (MBT) 为界，南侧以喜马拉雅锋侧推力 (HFT) 为界。HFT 是喜马拉雅山脉最年轻的主要构造边界，将西瓦里克山与印度恒河平原分开。HFT 和皮埃蒙特断层使人口稠密的山麓地区容易受到地震活动的影响。对沿喜马拉雅山西北部分的 Ghaggar 盆地附近的活动断层和锋背斜进行了形态构造研究。为了研究构造变形期间的形态构造设置，从 DEM 中提取的空间图像和形态测量参数与实地调查一起使用。分析揭示了 Siwalik 山麓重要的活动构造环境，它控制着 Ghaggar 盆地的形态和该地区的河流过程。测量地形格局的变化以及河流排水系统与断层和褶皱的相互作用，以描述构造地貌的演变。流域格局发育、流域不对称的低水位曲线年轻阶段、活跃的山峰和有力的河流下切表明背斜生长活跃。这种主动的褶皱增长是通过沿着 HFT 的盲推系统的运动来推进的。野外调查中的断裂、断层陡崖、河流阶地和活动背斜等地貌构造证据进一步证实了近期由于断层传播的褶皱生长引起的构造活动。测量地形格局的变化以及河流排水系统与断层和褶皱的相互作用，以描述构造地貌的演变。流域格局发育、流域不对称的低水位曲线年轻阶段、活跃的山峰和有力的河流下切表明背斜生长活跃。这种主动的褶皱增长是通过沿着 HFT 的盲推系统的运动来推进的。野外调查中的断裂、断层陡崖、河流阶地和活动背斜等地貌构造证据进一步证实了近期由于断层传播的褶皱生长引起的构造活动。测量地形格局的变化以及河流排水系统与断层和褶皱的相互作用，以描述构造地貌的演变。流域格局发育、流域不对称的低水位曲线年轻阶段、活跃的山峰和有力的河流下切表明背斜生长活跃。这种主动的褶皱增长是通过沿着 HFT 的盲推系统的运动来推进的。野外调查中的断裂、断层陡崖、河流阶地和活动背斜等地貌构造证据进一步证实了近期由于断层传播的褶皱生长引起的构造活动。活跃的山峰和有力的河流下切表明背斜生长活跃。这种主动的褶皱增长是通过沿着 HFT 的盲推系统的运动来推进的。野外调查中的断裂、断层陡崖、河流阶地和活动背斜等地貌构造证据进一步证实了近期由于断层传播的褶皱生长引起的构造活动。活跃的山峰和有力的河流下切表明背斜生长活跃。这种主动的褶皱增长是通过沿着 HFT 的盲推系统的运动来推进的。野外调查中的断裂、断层陡崖、河流阶地和活动背斜等地貌构造证据进一步证实了近期由于断层传播的褶皱生长引起的构造活动。