Throughout the world, compost application is viewed as a long-term strategy to improve the availability of phosphorus (P) for agricultural crops. Limited information is available on the legacy effects of P in compost-amended soils with respect to the subsequent effects of mineral P fertilizer on crop growth. We therefore conducted two cycles of maize growth experiments in pots (replicates; n = 4) under greenhouse conditions, with each cycle lasting 84 days. We used two soils that had been fertilized with compost over the past 10 years. The first cycle of maize growth was carried out under full P fertilization conditions, i.e. 150 mg P kg −1 soil (300 kg P ha −1 ), as calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The second cycle of maize was grown in the same soil and pots after harvesting the first cycle. Plant and soil measurements included soil Hedley P fractions and plant P uptake. Readily available plant P NaHCO 3 -P i ranged from 93 to 221 mg P kg −1 , increasing by 31% due to compost and 76% due to Ca-P fertilization compared with no compost or Ca–P fertilization, respectively. However, the application of compost and fertilizer only increased the production of dry matter by 7–9%, and plant P uptake by 11% and 17% compared to previous compost and Ca–P applications, respectively. Compost protected against the depletion of the NaHCO 3 –P o pool and was therefore helpful to initiating a P legacy stock, enhancing soil resilience and limiting the depletion of P by future crop rotations with high P requirements. However, compost mixed with mineral P provided the best availability of P for both immediate crop requirements and the long-term preservation of soil fertility.

中文翻译：

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长期堆肥施用和土壤磷遗留对促进早期玉米生长的影响

在世界范围内，堆肥应用被视为提高农作物磷 (P) 可用性的长期战略。关于磷在堆肥改良土壤中的遗留影响以及矿物磷肥对作物生长的后续影响的信息有限。因此，我们在温室条件下在盆中进行了两个周期的玉米生长实验（重复；n = 4），每个周期持续 84 天。我们使用了过去 10 年里用堆肥施肥的两种土壤。玉米生长的第一周期在全磷施肥条件下进行，即150mg P kg -1 土壤（300 kg P ha -1 ），作为磷酸二氢钙。收获第一个周期后，第二个周期的玉米在相同的土壤和盆中种植。植物和土壤测量包括土壤 Hedley P 组分和植物 P 吸收。易于获得的植物 P NaHCO 3 -P i 范围为 93 至 221 mg P kg -1 ，与不施肥或施肥 Ca-P 相比，堆肥增加了 31%，Ca-P 施肥增加了 76%。然而，与之前的堆肥和钙磷施用相比，堆肥和化肥的施用仅使干物质产量增加了 7-9%，植物对磷的吸收分别增加了 11% 和 17%。堆肥可防止 NaHCO 3 -P o 池的消耗，因此有助于启动 P 遗留库，增强土壤弹性并限制未来高磷需求的作物轮作对 P 的消耗。然而，