This study was carried out to elucidate the impact of Prosopis wood biochar on growth, nitrogen use efficiency, and mineral profile of two genotypes of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. capitata ). The genotypes were grown under four different treatments of biochar: BT 0 (control), BT 1 (2.5% biochar), BT 2 (5% biochar), and BT 3 (7.5% biochar). Prior to its application, biochar was characterized to know about its morphological and physicochemical properties by performing scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Pre-treated Prosopis -derived wood biochar was found to contain mesoporous structures and diverse functional groups. It was also found to contain considerable amounts of nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and calcium. The results revealed that growth, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein levels, and nitrogen use efficiency increased following the biochar amendment compared to control. In the leaves of tested cabbage genotypes, the activity of nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes like nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and glutamine synthetase was significantly increased by biochar amendment; however, glutamate synthase activity was not significantly increased. Moreover, application of biochar significantly decreased the amount of nitrate in the tissue. Furthermore, biochar significantly increased concentrations of minerals like phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in the leaves of tested genotypes. Together, our study proposes that biochar amendments (2.5–7.5%) can be employed as an effective strategy to improve growth and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes, lowering tissue nitrate levels, and maintaining or improving nutritional quality of cabbage.

中文翻译：

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特性化的灵芝木生物炭修正物在改善卷心菜基因型中的生长、氮利用效率、硝酸盐积累和矿物质含量方面的功效

本研究旨在阐明 Prosopis 木生物炭对两种基因型卷心菜 (Brassica oleracea L.capitata) 的生长、氮利用效率和矿物质分布的影响。基因型在四种不同的生物炭处理下生长：BT 0（对照）、BT 1（2.5% 生物炭）、BT 2（5% 生物炭）和 BT 3（7.5% 生物炭）。在应用之前，通过执行扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线 (SEM-EDX)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅立叶变换对生物炭进行表征以了解其形态和物理化学性质。红外 (FTIR) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析。发现预处理的 Prosopis 衍生的木材生物炭含有介孔结构和不同的官能团。它还被发现含有大量的营养物质，如碳、氮、硫和钙。结果表明，与对照相比，生物炭改良后的生长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质水平和氮利用效率增加。在供试卷心菜基因型的叶片中，生物炭的添加显着提高了硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶等氮代谢酶的活性；然而，谷氨酸合酶活性没有显着增加。此外，生物炭的应用显着降低了组织中硝酸盐的含量。此外，生物炭显着增加了测试基因型叶片中磷、钾、钙、镁、铁和锌等矿物质的浓度。一起，