Abstract

Lignin, a cheap renewable natural polymer, can be used as a precursor for the production of carbon fibres, its conversion into which is significantly faster than that of polyacrylonitrile. Lignin can be fractionated in various solvents via dissolution to decrease its polydispersity. Fractions with a higher molecular weight distribution can then be used in solvent-based spinning technologies such as electrospinning. We selected several solvent systems according to the Hansen solubility theory and subsequently tested them for solubility and electro-spinability. The selected solvent systems were then successfully tested for use in the needleless electrospinning process due to their potential for mass production. The solutions used in the electrospinning process needed high concentrations of lignin, which led to a high degree of viscosity. Therefore, we measured the relaxation times and viskosity for selected solutions, a factor that plays a pivotal role in terms of the production of smooth fibres. Finally, these solutions were tested for electrospinning using alternating current. This technology brings a new possibility in mass production of lignin fibres due to its high productivity and ease of use. Such materials can be used in a number of applications such as batteries, supercapacitors or for the production of composite materials. They provide a cheap and renewable natural polymer source which can easily be transformed into a carbon nanofibrous layer.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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木质纤维的无针静电纺丝

摘要

木质素是一种廉价的可再生天然聚合物，可用作生产碳纤维的前体，其转化速度明显快于聚丙烯腈。木质素可以通过溶解在各种溶剂中分级分离，以降低其多分散性。然后可以将具有较高分子量分布的馏分用于基于溶剂的纺丝技术中，例如电纺。我们根据Hansen溶解度理论选择了几种溶剂系统，然后测试了它们的溶解度和电纺丝性。选定的溶剂系统由于具有大规模生产的潜力，因此成功地进行了无针静电纺丝工艺测试。在静电纺丝工艺中使用的溶液需要高浓度的木质素，这导致了很高的粘度。因此，我们测量了选定溶液的弛豫时间和粘性，这是光滑纤维生产中的关键因素。最后，使用交流电对这些溶液进行了静电纺丝测试。由于其高生产率和易用性，该技术为大规模生产木质素纤维带来了新的可能性。这种材料可用于许多应用中，例如电池，超级电容器或用于复合材料的生产。它们提供了廉价且可再生的天然聚合物来源，可以轻松地转化为碳纳米纤维层。由于其高生产率和易用性，该技术为大规模生产木质素纤维带来了新的可能性。这种材料可用于许多应用中，例如电池，超级电容器或用于复合材料的生产。它们提供了廉价且可再生的天然聚合物来源，可以轻松地转化为碳纳米纤维层。由于其高生产率和易用性，该技术为大规模生产木质素纤维带来了新的可能性。这种材料可用于许多应用中，例如电池，超级电容器或用于复合材料的生产。它们提供了廉价且可再生的天然聚合物来源，可以轻松地转化为碳纳米纤维层。

图形摘要