Drying of poultry abattoir sludge (PAS) in thin-layer procedure was investigated with solar drying during summer conditions (radiation intensity 415 W/m 2 ) at 1, 2, and 5 cm of sludge depths and 0.00 and 2.00 m/s of air flow velocity with auxiliary solar heated air (60 °C) applied beneath the sludge layer under open surface drying conditions. Lower height of PAS together with hot air blowing from drying bed increased the drying rate and decreased the time required for achieving constant dry matter with equilibrium humidity below 10.0%. Hot air blowing significantly accelerated water evaporation from sludge particle and the drying period was reduced from 8 to 6 h with 2.00 m/s air flow intensity for the sludge depth of 1 cm. Seven established solar drying models were explored to characterize the drying behavior of PAS under thin-layer open surface solar drying conditions assisted with hot air blowing below the sludge bed. Among the implemented models, Page model and logarithmic model were found to best fit the results, respectively, for the experiments with ventilation (hot air blowing application) and without ventilation considering several statistical evaluators such as determination coefficient ( R 2 ), sum of square error (SSE), and the square root of the mean squares of error (RMSE). Based on the achieved dry matter results, findings of this study demonstrated that the open surface solar drying assisted with solar heated air during high intensity solar radiation conditions could be an effective method for drying of PAS. Graphic Abstract Drying behavior of the poultry abattoir sludge (PAS) was explored for the first time. Drying time decreased by half when thickness of PAS was decreased by five times. Thin-layer drying kinetics was best represented by Page and logarithmic models. Air circulation increased drying rate of PAS and decreased total drying time by 26%. Renewable solar energy could be a sustainable method for drying of by-product sludges.

中文翻译：

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家禽屠宰场污泥薄层太阳能干燥的数学建模

在夏季条件下（辐射强度 415 W/m 2 ），在 1、2 和 5 cm 的污泥深度和 0.00 和 2.00 m/s 的空气条件下，使用太阳能干燥对薄层程序中的家禽屠宰场污泥 (PAS) 进行干燥在开放式表面干燥条件下，在污泥层下方施加辅助太阳能加热空气（60°C）的流速。较低的 PAS 高度以及从干燥床吹出的热空气提高了干燥速率并减少了在平衡湿度低于 10.0% 的情况下实现恒定干物质所需的时间。吹热风显着加速了污泥颗粒中的水分蒸发，干燥时间从 8 小时减少到 6 小时，空气流强度为 2.00 米/秒，污泥深度为 1 厘米。探索了七个已建立的太阳能干燥模型，以表征 PAS 在薄层开放表面太阳能干燥条件下的干燥行为，并在污泥床下方吹热空气。在实施的模型中，Page 模型和对数模型分别被发现最适合通风（热风应用）和不通风的实验，考虑几个统计评估器，例如确定系数 (R 2 )，平方和误差 (SSE) 和均方误差 (RMSE) 的平方根。基于所获得的干物质结果，本研究的结果表明，在高强度太阳辐射条件下，在太阳加热空气的辅助下进行开放表面太阳干燥可能是干燥 PAS 的有效方法。图形摘要 首次研究了家禽屠宰场污泥 (PAS) 的干燥行为。当 PAS 厚度减少 5 倍时，干燥时间减少一半。Page 和对数模型最能代表薄层干燥动力学。空气循环提高了 PAS 的干燥速度，并将总干燥时间减少了 26%。可再生太阳能可能是干燥副产品污泥的可持续方法。