Background

All-inclusive DNA-barcoding libraries in the storage and analysis platform of the BOLD (Barcode of Life Data) system are essential for the study of the marine biodiversity and are pertinent for regulatory purposes, including ecosystem monitoring and assessment, such as in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Here, we investigate knowledge gaps in the lists of DNA barcoded organisms within two inventories, Cnidaria (Anthozoa and Hydrozoa) and Ascidiacea from the reference libraries of the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) dataset (402 ascidians and 1200 cnidarian species). ERMS records were checked species by species, against publicly available sequence information and other data stored in BOLD system. As the available COI barcode data adequately cover just a small fraction of the ERMS reference library, it is of importance to employ quality control on existing data, to close the knowledge gaps and purge errors off BOLD.

Results

Results revealed that just 22.9% and 29.2% of the listed ascidians and cnidarians species, respectively, are BOLD barcodes of which 58.4% and 52.3% of the seemingly barcoded species, respectively, were noted to have complete BOLD pages. Thus, only 11.44% of the tunicate and 17.07% of the cnidarian data in the ERMS lists are of high quality. Deep analyses revealed seven common types of gaps in the list of the barcoded species in addition to a wide range of discrepancies and misidentifications, discordances, and errors primarily in the GenBank mined data as with the BINs assignments, among others.

Conclusions

Gap knowledge in barcoding of important taxonomic marine groups exists, and in addition, quality management elements (quality assurance and quality control) were not employed when using the list for national monitoring projects, for regulatory compliance purposes and other purposes. Even though BOLD is the most trustable DNA-barcoding reference library, worldwide projects of DNA barcoding are needed to close these gaps of mistakes, verifications, missing data, and unreliable sequencing labs. Tight quality control and quality assurance are important to close the knowledge gaps of Barcoding of the European recommended ERMS reference library.

中文翻译：

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ERMS参考库中针对海员和刺胞的DNA条形码的缺口分析

背景

BOLD（生命条形码）系统的存储和分析平台中的全包DNA条形码库对于海洋生物多样性的研究至关重要，并且与监管目的（包括生态系统监控和评估）相关，例如在环境中欧盟水框架指令（WFD）和海洋战略框架指令（MSFD）。在这里，我们调查了来自欧洲海洋生物注册簿（ERMS）数据集（402个海鞘和1200个CNID物种）的参考清单中的猪ni（Anthozoa和Hydrozoa）和Ascidiacea这两个清单内的DNA条形码生物列表中的知识缺口。根据公开可用的序列信息和BOLD系统中存储的其他数据，按物种对ERMS记录进行了检查。

结果

结果显示，分别只有22.9％和29.2％的所列海鞘和刺胞属物种是BOLD条形码，其中分别有58.4％和52.3％的看似条形码物种具有完整的BOLD页。因此，ERMS清单中只有11.44％的被膜和cnidarian数据是高质量的。深入分析显示，除了主要与Genbin采矿数据（与BINs分配有关）之外的各种差异和错误识别，不一致和错误之外，带条形码的物种清单中的七种常见缺口类型。

结论

存在重要海洋生物分类条形码的空白知识，此外，将清单用于国家监测项目，法规遵从目的和其他目的时，没有采用质量管理要素（质量保证和质量控制）。尽管BOLD是最值得信赖的DNA条形码参考库，但仍需要全球范围内的DNA条形码项目来弥合这些错误，验证，数据丢失和不可靠的测序实验室之间的差距。严格的质量控制和质量保证对于弥合欧洲推荐的ERMS参考库的Barcoding的知识空白很重要。