Two series of nanocomposite materials based on graphene oxide (GO) (Al₂O₃/GO (Al/GO), Fe₃O₄/GO (Fe/GO), and Fe₃O₄–Al₂O₃/GO (Fe–Al/GO)), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Al₂O₃/rGO (Al/GO), Fe₃O₄/rGO (Fe/GO), and Fe₃O₄–Al₂O₃/rGO (Fe–Al/rGO)) were prepared and characterized by X-ray and infrared spectra, SEM, TEM and EDX analyses. Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite by improved Hummers method, then it was reduced by ascorbic acid to obtain rGO. Composite materials were prepared by suspension mixing. GO- and rGO-based materials were dispersed into brine water to form nanofluids. Transmittance spectra and thermal conductivity of nanofluids and reflectance spectra of the three-component composites were systematically investigated to evaluate their thermal sorption capacity. It can be seen from the transmittance spectra that nanofluids capture almost incident light and from the reflectance that synthesized materials absorbed more than 97.5% and 96% of the irradiated solar power. The thermal conductivity results show that hybrid nanofluid showed high thermal conductivity than single nanofluids. The thermal absorption ability of nanofluids was evaluated by change in temperatures and weights of nanofluids. Results showed that all prepared materials (either single form such as GO, rGO, Al₂O₃ or composite form such as Al/GO, Fe/GO, Fe–Al/GO, Al/rGO, Fe/rGO, Fe–Al/rGO) raised thermal sorption of brine water. The combination of two or three components leaded to higher thermal sorption ability. Fe–Al/GO and Fe–Al/rGO give the highest thermal absorption efficiency (the temperature difference between the blank sample and the sample containing material with content of 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ is 7 °C and 8.5 °C, respectively). Evaporation ability of Fe–Al/GO and Fe–Al/rGO nanofluids increased to 67% and 79%, respectively. The thermal sorption increased with increasing the concentration of materials in nanofluid and lightening intensity (the temperature difference between the blank sample and investigated sample using two lamps was 21 °C). Moreover, 98% of Fe–Al/GO (Fe–Al/rGO) was simply recovered by magnet and the recovered material can be reused with only slight decrease in thermal sorption performance. Prepared nanocomposite was dispersed in brine water (0.15 mg mL⁻¹ in 3.5% NaCl solution) to be distillated using solar energy and the results show that distillation process can be profoundly speeded up.

基于氧化石墨烯（GO）（Al ₂ O ₃ / GO（Al / GO），Fe ₃ O ₄ / GO（Fe / GO）和Fe ₃ O ₄ –Al ₂ O ₃ / GO（Al）的两个纳米复合材料Fe–Al / GO））和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）（Al ₂ O ₃ / rGO（Al / GO），Fe ₃ O ₄ / rGO（Fe / GO）和Fe ₃ O ₄ –Al ₂ O ₃制备/ rGO（Fe–Al / rGO），并通过X射线和红外光谱，SEM，TEM和EDX分析对其进行表征。通过改进的Hummers法由石墨合成氧化石墨烯，然后用抗坏血酸还原得到rGO。通过悬浮混合制备复合材料。将基于GO和rGO的材料分散到盐水中以形成纳米流体。系统地研究了纳米流体的透射光谱和导热系数以及三组分复合材料的反射光谱，以评价其热吸附能力。从透射光谱可以看出，纳米流体几乎捕获了入射光，从反射率可以看出，合成材料吸收了超过97.5％和96％的辐射太阳能。导热率结果表明，杂化纳米流体比单纳米流体具有更高的导热率。通过改变纳米流体的温度和重量来评估纳米流体的热吸收能力。结果表明，所有准备的材料（单一形式，如GO，rGO，Al₂ O ₃或复合形式（如Al / GO，Fe / GO，Fe–Al / GO，Al / rGO，Fe / rGO，Fe–Al / rGO）提高了盐水的热吸附。两种或三种组分的组合导致更高的热吸收能力。Fe–Al / GO和Fe–Al / rGO的吸热效率最高（空白样品与含有0.5 mg mL ^-1的材料的样品之间的温差分别为7°C和8.5°C）。Fe–Al / GO和Fe–Al / rGO纳米流体的蒸发能力分别提高到67％和79％。热吸附随着纳米流体中材料浓度的增加和闪电强度的增加而增加（空白样品和使用两个灯的研究样品之间的温度差为21°C）。此外，磁铁可简单地回收98％的Fe-Al / GO（Fe-Al / rGO），回收的材料可以重复使用，而热吸附性能只会略有下降。将制备的纳米复合材料分散在盐水（在3.5％NaCl溶液中的0.15 mg mL ^-1）中，使用太阳能进行蒸馏，结果表明可以大大加快蒸馏过程。