Silvopastoral systems are multifunctional systems that combine herbage, shrub and tree layers with grazing animals in a single site. The multiple possible combinations of components within these systems creates different options that have in common the capacity to deliver positive outcomes related to land productivity and environmental and climatic benefits. This editorial provides a perspective of the diversity of ancient and more recent silvopastoral systems and their main benefits. The major challenges for both systems are different. Ancient silvopastoral systems, which originated on cultural grounds, deal mostly with conservation issues, while intensive silvopastoral systems, founded on technological changes of the grazing livestock production model, are more production driven but also concerned with climatic changes. Both types of system share similar benefits, and in this special issue we look at positive outcomes in the perspective of grazing animals, highlighting production and welfare. The purpose of this special issue is to contribute to gathering and sharing the knowledge emerging from grazing on different silvopastoral systems, promoting a common ground for future integrative research approaches.

中文翻译：

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林牧系统中的放牧：多种解决方案带来多样化收益

林牧系统是多功能系统，将草本、灌木和乔木层与放牧动物结合在一个地点。这些系统中组件的多种可能组合创造了不同的选择，这些选择具有共同的能力，可以提供与土地生产力以及环境和气候效益相关的积极成果。这篇社论提供了古代和最近林牧系统的多样性及其主要好处的视角。两种系统面临的主要挑战是不同的。起源于文化背景的古代林牧系统主要处理保护问题，而集约化林牧系统则建立在放牧畜牧生产模式的技术变革之上，更多地是由生产驱动的，但也与气候变化有关。两种类型的系统都有相似的好处，在本期特刊中，我们从放牧动物的角度看待积极的结果，突出生产和福利。本期特刊的目的是有助于收集和分享不同林牧系统放牧所产生的知识，促进未来综合研究方法的共同基础。