Although there is burgeoning research on environmental activism, few studies have examined the interrelationship between nationalism and nature protection in detail. This article examines how groups manage the tension between national commitment and caring for the environment. It focuses on two opposing Israeli activist groups: a settler movement that aims to establish new communities in the fast‐dwindling Israeli open expanses and a “green” movement intent on preserving open spaces. Our observations, interviews, and textual analysis show that both groups believe themselves to be committed to the protection of nature, and that both groups see environmental responsibility as an integral aspect of their Zionist identity. However, the Israeli green movement sees abstaining from interventions in nature and adhering to sustainable development as Zionist because it preserves Israel for future generations. Conversely, the settler movement sees active intervention in nature—by building new communities, planting trees, and hiking—as the proper way to protect Israeli natural expanses and to maintain the livelihood of Israeli society. Our case study demonstrates that, although environmental movements often aspire to universalism, local movements also interlace environmentalism and nationalism in ways that generate multiple (and even contradictory) interpretations of the appropriate way to care for nature.

中文翻译：

---

热爱土地：自然保护，民族主义和在以色列建立新社区的斗争

尽管对环境行动主义的研究正在迅速发展，但很少有研究详细研究了民族主义与自然保护之间的相互关系。本文探讨了团体如何处理国家承诺与关爱环境之间的紧张关系。它集中于两个对立的以色列激进主义者团体：定居者运动，旨在在迅速缩小的以色列开放空间中建立新的社区；以及旨在保护开放空间的“绿色”运动。我们的观察，访谈和文本分析表明，两个团体都相信自己致力于保护自然，并且两个团体都将环境责任视为其犹太复国主义者身份的组成部分。然而，以色列的绿色运动放弃了对自然的干预，并像犹太复国主义者一样坚持可持续发展，因为它为子孙后代保护着以色列。相反，定居者运动则看到了对自然的积极干预，包括建立新的社区，植树和远足，这是保护以色列自然扩张和维持以色列社会生计的正确方法。我们的案例研究表明，尽管环境运动经常向往普遍主义，但地方运动也以对自然保护的适当方式产生多种（甚至矛盾的）解释的方式交织环境主义和民族主义。和远足-这是保护以色列自然广阔并维持以色列社会生计的正确方法。我们的案例研究表明，尽管环境运动经常向往普遍主义，但地方运动也以对自然保护的适当方式产生多种（甚至矛盾的）解释的方式交织环境主义和民族主义。和远足-这是保护以色列自然广阔并维持以色列社会生计的正确方法。我们的案例研究表明，尽管环境运动经常向往普遍主义，但地方运动也以对自然保护的适当方式产生多种（甚至矛盾的）解释的方式交织环境主义和民族主义。