Conventional theories of political economy assume that dependency on natural resources, such as oil, have a negative impact on the development of a democratic political system. While there is a developed body of work that explains the different mechanisms that shape this relationship, one mechanism, the role of the civil society, remains mostly ungrasped. As a result, the aim of this paper is to expand our understanding of the group formation effect, first discussed by Michael Ross (2001), and unpack the mechanisms that underline it, by looking at the relationship between rent from oil production, the civil society, and the rise of authoritarianism in Iraq during the period of 1945–1958. We argue that examining the relationship between these variables will help us understand the past and the current situation in Iraq, and it will improve our knowledge of the political formations and activism in oil‐producing countries in general.

中文翻译：

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石油，政治与公民社会：伊拉克霸权体系的建设（1945-1958）

传统的政治经济学理论认为，对石油等自然资源的依赖会对民主政治制度的发展产生负面影响。尽管有一套完善的工作解释了影响这种关系的各种机制，但其中一个机制，即民间社会的作用，仍然没有被保留。结果，本文的目的是扩大我们对迈克尔·罗斯（Michael Ross，2001年）讨论的群体形成效应的理解，并通过考察石油生产的租金，民营企业的租金之间的关系来解开构成这一现象的机制。社会，以及1945-1958年期间伊拉克的威权主义兴起。我们认为，研究这些变量之间的关系将有助于我们了解伊拉克的过去和当前局势，