Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller) is present in the palaeoenvironmental records of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean) since the Early Holocene. It is also documented in the archaeological charcoal analysis (aka anthracology) of early prehistoric sites, but it was especially exploited at certain sites during the Late Iron Age. However, different woodland exploitation strategies cannot be deciphered purely through the taxonomical identification of charcoal fragments, so it is difficult to assess if the presence of Aleppo pine in archaeological assemblages is due to specific social management strategies (branches and/or trunks exploitation). Anthraco-typological methods, based on the measurement of charcoal-pith distance (allowing original wood diameters to be inferred) and ring width, have already been proposed for temperate species (Quercus petraea/robur) as a methodology to define the woodland exploitation of past societies and human impact on forest formations. However, such an approach yet to be set up for conifers growing in Mediterranean environments. In this study we have adapted the anthraco-typological methodology to conifer wood anatomy and evaluated its applicability on the archaeological charcoal assemblages of Aleppo pine, through complete dendrological analysis of the referential material. Our research is based on the systematic measurement of two different dendro-anthracological parameters on archaeological charcoal fragments: charcoal-pith distance and ring width. The results have been compared with the information on ring width and the growing conditions of modern trees in three different forest formations in Mallorca, representing the entire environmental variability of the Aleppo pine forests on the island. Trunk cores and wood discs of different diameter were measured in order to establish criteria to distinguish between both tree organs from the archaeological charcoal fragments. Analysis of this dataset has proved that anthraco-typological methods are applicable to Mediterranean conifers and to further interrogate pinewood exploitation in prehistoric Mallorca. Additionally, we have been able to question the formation of archaeological charcoal assemblages, identify various woodland management strategies and the human impact on woodlands during prehistory.

阿勒颇松（halepensis松自早期全新世以来，Maller）就存在于马略卡岛（地中海西部的巴利阿里群岛）的古环境记录中。它在早期史前遗址的考古木炭分析（又称人类学）中也有记载，但在铁器时代晚期某些地方尤其被利用。但是，不能仅通过对木炭碎片进行分类识别来破译不同的林地开发策略，因此很难评估考古组合中阿勒颇松的存在是否是由于特定的社会管理策略（分支机构和/或树干开发）引起的。已经提出了针对木炭-距离（允许推断原始木材直径）和环宽度的炭疽类型学方法（温带物种）（栎栎/罗伯）作为定义过去社会对林地的开采以及人类对森林形成的影响的方法。但是，尚未针对在地中海环境中生长的针叶树建立这种方法。在这项研究中，我们通过对参考材料进行完整的树状分析，将炭疽病学方法学应用于针叶树木材解剖学，并评估了其在阿勒颇松的考古木炭组合中的适用性。我们的研究基于对考古木炭碎片上两个不同的树突-人类学参数的系统测量：木炭-齿距和环宽。将结果与马略卡岛三种不同林型中现代树木的环宽度和生长条件进行了比较，代表了岛上阿勒颇松树林的整个环境变化。测量了树干直径和不同直径的木盘，以建立从考古木炭碎片中区分两种树器官的标准。对这个数据集的分析证明，炭疽分类方法适用于地中海针叶树，并可以进一步询问史前马洛卡岛松材的开发。此外，我们已经能够质疑考古木炭组合的形成，确定各种林地管理策略以及史前人类对林地的影响。对这个数据集的分析证明，炭疽分类方法适用于地中海针叶树，并可以进一步询问史前马洛卡岛松材的开发。此外，我们已经能够质疑考古木炭组合的形成，确定各种林地管理策略以及史前人类对林地的影响。对这个数据集的分析证明，炭疽分类方法适用于地中海针叶树，并可以进一步询问史前马洛卡岛松材的开发。此外，我们已经能够质疑考古木炭组合的形成，确定各种林地管理策略以及史前人类对林地的影响。