Humans are not purely selfish money maximizers. Most individuals take into account consequences for others in their decisions, reflecting social preferences. In a large-scale study (N = 2,889) involving population-representative samples from 10 nations, we investigated social preferences toward different national out-groups. Social preferences varied systematically depending on the other person’s nationality. Individuals showed higher social preferences toward others from nations rated similar to their own nation in terms of the stereotype content dimensions of agency, conservative/progressive beliefs, and communion (ABC) and, to a lesser extent, the Hofstede cultural dimensions. Similarity according to the ABC stereotypes more strongly predicted out-group-specific social preferences than similarity according to the Hofstede cultural dimensions. The effects of similarity on social preferences increased with identification with the national in-group. Results support self-categorization theory, but not social identity theory, indicating that perceptions of similarity influence interaction behavior between individuals from different nations.

人类并不是纯粹的自私的金钱最大化者。大多数人在做出决定时都会考虑对他人的影响，反映出社会偏好。在一个大规模的研究（Ñ（= 2,889），涉及来自10个国家/地区的具有人口代表性的样本，我们调查了社会对不同民族群体的偏好。社会偏好会根据对方的国籍而系统地变化。在机构，刻板印象/进步信仰和共融（ABC）的刻板印象内容方面，以及在较小的程度上，霍夫斯泰德文化方面，个人表现出较高的社会偏好，这些国家的评级与自己的国家相似。与根据霍夫斯泰德文化维度的相似性相比，根据ABC刻板印象的相似性更能强烈预测群体特定的社会偏好。相似性对社会偏好的影响随着与全国同龄人群的认同而增加。结果支持自我分类理论，但不支持社会认同理论，