Abstract

Problem identification: Loneliness is common after cancer, contributing to poor outcomes. Interventions to modify loneliness are needed. This systematic review describes the current literature regarding loneliness interventions in cancer survivors.

Literature search: Databases including: Ovid/MEDLINE; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Elsevier/Embase; Clarivate/Web of Science (Core Collection), EBSCO/PsycINFO, EBSCO/CINAHL were used to perform a systematic review of literature using PRISMA guidelines. Second, risk of bias, meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis approach was completed to synthesize findings from multiple studies.

Data evaluation/synthesis: Six thousand five hundred three studies were initially evaluated; eight studies met inclusion criteria. Findings indicate a paucity of interventions, generally of lower quality. Interventions were feasible and acceptable; those interventions with cultural modifications were more likely to demonstrate effectiveness.

Conclusions: There are limited interventions addressing loneliness in cancer survivors. Development and testing of culturally-relevant programs are warranted.

Implications for psychosocial oncology: Current studies suggest the psychosocial symptom of loneliness is modifiable among adult cancer survivors. Few interventions have been tested and shown to be effectiveness in cancer survivors in the U.S. and none have been tailored for older adult survivors, by patient gender/sex and few for specific race/ethnic groups. Results from this systematic review: a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis can inform future interventions targeting loneliness in this growing, yet vulnerable, adult cancer survivor population.

摘要

问题识别：癌症后，孤独感很普遍，导致不良后果。需要干预来改变孤独感。这篇系统的综述描述了有关癌症幸存者孤独干预的最新文献。

文献检索：数据库包括：Ovid / MEDLINE; Cochrane对照试验中央登记册（CENTRAL）；Elsevier / Embase；使用PRISMA指南，使用Clarivate / Web of Science（核心收藏），EBSCO / PsycINFO，EBSCO / CINAHL对文献进行系统的综述。其次，完成了偏见风险，荟萃分析和叙述性综合方法，以综合多项研究的结果。

数据评估/综合：最初评估了653项研究。八项研究符合纳入标准。调查结果表明干预措施很少，通常质量较低。干预是可行和可以接受的；具有文化修养的干预措施更有可能证明其有效性。

结论：针对癌症幸存者的孤独感的干预措施很少。必须开发和测试与文化相关的程序。

对心理社会肿瘤学的影响：目前的研究表明，成年癌症幸存者可以改变孤独的心理社会症状。在美国，很少有干预措施经过测试并显示对癌症幸存者有效，并且没有针对患者的性别/性别针对老年人幸存者量身定制的干预措施，针对特定种族/种族群体的干预措施也很少。这项系统评价的结果：叙事综合和荟萃分析可以为将来针对这些正在成长但又脆弱的成年癌症幸存者人群中的孤独感的干预措施提供信息。