ABSTRACT

Exports matter for domestic employment in both export-producing firms and upstream suppliers. Their total effect can be captured through an input–output-based indicator of export-sustained employment. However, as industry classifications used in regular input–output tables are based on product similarity, they fail to account for within-industry technological heterogeneity between exporters and other firms, which may lead to a bias in results for export-sustained employment. In this paper, we describe the breakdown of manufacturing industries into export-oriented and domestic-oriented firms in Belgian input–output tables and employment data based on detailed firm-level data for industry totals and input–output structures. Based on the resulting export-heterogeneous tables, we find that 585,000 jobs or 13% of economy-wide employment in Belgium is sustained by manufacturing exports. This is overestimated by 4% with regular tables. Moreover, we identify who contributes to and who gains from exports for groups of firms rather than aggregated industries.

摘要

出口对出口生产企业和上游供应商的国内就业都很重要。它们的总体效果可以通过基于投入产出的出口持续就业指标来体现。但是，由于常规投入产出表中使用的行业分类是基于产品相似性的，因此它们无法说明出口商与其他公司之间的行业内技术异质性，这可能导致出口持续就业的结果出现偏差。在本文中，我们基于详细的企业级行业总数和投入产出结构数据，在比利时投入产出表和就业数据中描述了制造业按出口导向型企业和国内导向型企业的细分情况。根据导出的异构表，我们发现585，比利时的制造业创造了000个就业机会，占比利时整个经济的13％。对于常规表，这被高估了4％。而且，我们确定了谁为公司集团而不是聚集的行业为出口做出贡献或从中获利。