In the equatorial region, deep amplitude fading in global positioning system (GPS) signals frequently occurs during the strong ionospheric scintillation, it can lead to the loss of lock in GPS carrier tracking loops, and result in increased positioning error and even navigation interruption. The relationships between amplitude scintillation indices and detrended carrier frequency are investigated, based on GPS L1 C/A signals during the last peak of the solar cycle at the low latitude site of São José dos Campos, Brazil (23.2S, 45.9W) from 2013 to 2015. Corresponding mathematic model of the probability distribution function is built for the first time to provide statistical analysis on the above relationships. The results show that the standard carrier frequencies reveal an almost linear relation with the amplitude scintillation indices. Moreover, the frequency widths of de-trended frequency are proportional to levels of amplitude scintillation when the value of the peak probability is lower than the corresponding boundary. A conclusion can be drawn that different levels of amplitude scintillation will influence the fluctuation of the carrier frequency. The analysis will provide useful guidance to set the receiver's bandwidth with respect to the different scintillation levels and design the advanced tracking algorithms to improve the robustness and precision of the GPS receiver.

中文翻译：

---

赤道电离层闪烁期间GPS上的载波频率扰动分布

在赤道地区，在强烈的电离层闪烁期间，全球定位系统（GPS）信号中经常发生深振幅衰落，这可能导致GPS载波跟踪环路失锁，并导致定位误差增加，甚至导致导航中断。根据2013年以来巴西圣何塞·多斯坎波斯低纬度地区太阳周期最后一个峰值期间的GPS L1 C / A信号，研究了振幅闪烁指数与去趋势载频之间的关系。（23.2S，45.9W）到2015年。首次建立了概率分布函数的对应数学模型，以对上述关系进行统计分析。结果表明，标准载频与振幅闪烁指数几乎呈线性关系。此外，当峰值概率的值低于相应的边界时，去趋势频率的频率宽度与幅度闪烁的水平成正比。可以得出结论，幅度闪烁的不同水平将影响载波频率的波动。该分析将提供有用的指导，以针对不同的闪烁级别设置接收机的带宽，并设计先进的跟踪算法以提高GPS接收机的鲁棒性和精度。