Compared with conventional authentication schemes, which utilize cryptographic mechanisms and operate at an upper layer, authentication at the physical (PHY) layer possesses many advantages, such as, higher information-theoretic security by introducing uncertainty to an adversary, better efficiency, and better compatibility by avoiding any operations at the upper layer. An effective PHY-layer authentication scheme should consider covertness, security, and robustness together. However, in published literature, these three properties have been separately analyzed. This paper proposes a generic security model for PHY-layer authentication, and we design a new systematic metric, which is referred to as the probability of security authentication (PSA). According to the proposed generic security model, we can not only systematically analyze the effect of the parameter of a certain PHY-layer authentication scheme on the final performance, but also fairly compare the performance of different PHY-layer authentication schemes under the same channel conditions at the legitimate and adversary receivers. For performance analysis, the probability of detection (PD) and the probability of false alarm (PFA) of two PHY-layer authentication schemes over fading channels are defined, and their closed-form expressions are well derived. On the basis of the proposed generic security model, a systematic performance comparison between different PHY-layer schemes is provided.

中文翻译：

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物理层鉴权安全模型及衰落信道性能分析

与利用密码机制并在上层操作的传统认证方案相比，物理（PHY）层的认证具有许多优点，例如通过向对手引入不确定性来提高信息论安全性、更高的效率和更好的兼容性通过避免上层的任何操作。一个有效的 PHY 层认证方案应该同时考虑隐蔽性、安全性和健壮性。然而，在已发表的文献中，这三种特性已分别进行了分析。本文提出了一种用于 PHY 层认证的通用安全模型，我们设计了一个新的系统度量，称为安全认证概率 (PSA)。根据提议的通用安全模型，我们不仅可以系统地分析某个PHY层鉴权方案的参数对最终性能的影响，还可以公平比较不同PHY层鉴权方案在相同信道条件下在合法接收端和敌方接收端的性能。对于性能分析，定义了两种PHY层鉴权方案在衰落信道上的检测概率（PD）和误报概率（PFA），并推导出了它们的闭式表达式。在提出的通用安全模型的基础上，提供了不同 PHY 层方案之间的系统性能比较。但也公平地比较了不同 PHY 层认证方案在相同信道条件下在合法和敌方接收器上的性能。对于性能分析，定义了两种PHY层鉴权方案在衰落信道上的检测概率（PD）和误报概率（PFA），并推导出了它们的闭式表达式。在提出的通用安全模型的基础上，提供了不同 PHY 层方案之间的系统性能比较。但也公平地比较了不同 PHY 层认证方案在相同信道条件下在合法和敌方接收器上的性能。对于性能分析，定义了两种PHY层鉴权方案在衰落信道上的检测概率（PD）和误报概率（PFA），并推导出了它们的闭式表达式。在提出的通用安全模型的基础上，提供了不同 PHY 层方案之间的系统性能比较。