The recent advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables the possibility of data collection from diverse environments using IoT devices. However, despite the rapid advancement of low-power communication technologies, the deployment of IoT networks still faces many challenges. In this article, we propose a hybrid, low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) structure that can achieve wide-area communication coverage and low-power consumption on IoT devices by utilizing both sub-GHz long-range radio and 2.4-GHz short-range radio. Specifically, we constructed a low-power mesh network with LoRa, a physical-layer standard that can provide long-range (kilometers) point-to-point communication using custom time-division multiple access (TDMA). Furthermore, we extended the capabilities of the mesh network by enabling ANT, an ultralow-power, short-range communication protocol to satisfy data collection in dense device deployments. Third, we demonstrate the performance of the hybrid network with two real-world deployments at the Purdue University campus and at the university-owned farm. The results suggest that both networks have superior advantages in terms of cost, coverage, and power consumption vis-à-vis other IoT solutions, like LoRaWAN.

中文翻译：

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物联网应用的混合低功耗广域网状网络

物联网（IoT）的最新发展使使用IoT设备从各种环境中收集数据成为可能。然而，尽管低功耗通信技术迅速发展，但物联网网络的部署仍面临许多挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种混合的，低功耗，广域网（LPWAN）结构，该结构可以通过利用低于GHz的远程无线电和2.4-GHz带宽来实现IoT设备上的广域通信覆盖和低功耗。 GHz短距离无线电。具体来说，我们使用LoRa构建了一种低功耗网状网络，该物理层标准可以使用自定义时分多址（TDMA）提供远程（公里）点对点通信。此外，我们通过启用超低功耗ANT扩展了网状网络的功能，短距离通信协议，以满足密集型设备部署中的数据收集。第三，我们在普渡大学校园和大学拥有的农场中通过两次实际部署展示了混合网络的性能。结果表明，与LoRaWAN等其他物联网解决方案相比，这两个网络在成本，覆盖范围和功耗方面均具有优越的优势。