Background. As a type of malignant tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) seriously threatens human health. This study is aimed at constructing a new, reliable prognostic model. Method. The gene expression profile data of HNSCC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) related to HNSCC were identified. We then used Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to explore IRDEGs related to the HNSCC prognosis and to construct and validate a risk scoring model and used ESTIMATE to evaluate tumor immune infiltration in HNSCC patients. Finally, we validated IGSF5 expression and function in HNSCC cells. Results. A total of 1,195 IRDEGs were found from the GSE65858 dataset. Thirty-one of the 1,195 IRDEGs were associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. Nine key IRDEGs were further selected using the LASSO method, and a risk scoring model was established for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. According to the risk scoring model, the prognosis of patients in the high-risk group was worse than that of the low-risk group; the high-risk group had significantly higher immune scores than the low-risk group; and between the high- and low-risk samples, there were significant differences in the proportion of 10 types of cells, including naive cells, plasma cells, and resting CD4⁺ memory T cells. IGSF5 has low expression in HNSCC, and overexpression of IGSF5 significantly impaired HNSCC cell proliferation. Conclusion. This prognostic risk assessment model can help systematically evaluate the survival prognosis of HNSCC patients and provides a new research direction for the improvement of the survival prognosis of HNSCC patients in clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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与 HPV 阳性头颈部鳞状细胞癌相关的免疫相关预后生物标志物的鉴定

背景。头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）作为一种恶性肿瘤，严重威胁人类健康。本研究旨在构建一个新的、可靠的预后模型。方法。HNSCC 患者的基因表达谱数据从 Gene Expression Omnibus 和 The Cancer Genome Atlas 数据库下载。鉴定了与 HNSCC 相关的免疫相关差异表达基因 (IRDEG)。然后，我们使用 Cox 回归分析和最小绝对收缩和选择算子 (LASSO) 分析来探索与 HNSCC 预后相关的 IRDEG，并构建和验证风险评分模型，并使用 ESTIMATE 评估 HNSCC 患者的肿瘤免疫浸润。最后，我们验证了 IGSF5 在 HNSCC 细胞中的表达和功能。结果. 从 GSE65858 数据集中总共发现了 1,195 个 IRDEG。1,195 个 IRDEG 中有 31 个与 HNSCC 的预后相关。采用LASSO方法进一步筛选出9个关键IRDEGs，建立预测HNSCC患者生存的风险评分模型。根据风险评分模型，高危组患者预后差于低危组；高风险组的免疫评分显着高于低风险组；在高风险和低风险样本之间，10种细胞的比例存在显着差异，包括幼稚细胞、浆细胞和静息CD4 ⁺记忆T细胞。IGSF5 在 HNSCC 中低表达，IGSF5 的过表达显着损害 HNSCC 细胞增殖。结论。该预后风险评估模型有助于系统评价HNSCC患者的生存预后，为临床改善HNSCC患者生存预后提供新的研究方向。