Extreme climatic events threaten forests and their climate mitigation potential globally. Understanding the drivers promoting ecosystem stability is therefore considered crucial to mitigate adverse climate change effects on forests. Here, we use structural equation models to explain how tree species richness, asynchronous species dynamics and diversity in hydraulic traits affect the stability of forest productivity along an experimentally manipulated biodiversity gradient ranging from 1 to 24 tree species. Tree species richness improved stability by increasing species asynchrony. That is, at higher species richness, inter-annual variation in productivity among tree species buffered the community against stress-related productivity declines. This effect was mediated by the diversity of species hydraulic traits regarding drought tolerance and stomatal control, but not by the community-weighted means of these traits. The identified mechanisms by which tree species richness stabilizes forest productivity emphasize the importance of hydraulically diverse, mixed-species forests to adapt to climate change.

中文翻译：

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在大规模的亚热带树木生物多样性实验中，水力多样性稳定了生产力

极端气候事件威胁着全球森林及其减缓气候变化的潜力。因此，了解减轻生态系统稳定性的驱动因素对于减轻气候变化对森林的不利影响至关重要。在这里，我们使用结构方程模型来解释树木物种的丰富性，非同步物种动力学和水力性状的多样性如何通过实验控制的1至24种树种的生物多样性梯度来影响森林生产力的稳定性。树木物种丰富度通过增加物种异步性来提高稳定性。也就是说，在物种丰富度较高的情况下，树木物种之间的生产力年际变化会缓冲社区免受与压力相关的生产力下降的影响。这种影响是由有关耐旱性和气孔控制的物种水力性状的多样性介导的，而不是由这些性状的社区加权手段来介导的。确定的树木物种丰富度稳定森林生产力的机制强调了水力多样化的混交林对适应气候变化的重要性。