Human rotavirus (HRV) is the leading worldwide cause of acute diarrhea-related death in children under the age of five. RV infects the small intestine, an important site of colonization by the microbiota, and studies over the past decade have begun to reveal a complex set of interactions between RV and the gut microbiota. RV infection can temporarily alter the composition of the gut microbiota and probiotic administration alleviates some symptoms of infection in vivo, suggesting reciprocal effects between the virus and the gut microbiota. While development of effective RV vaccines has offered significant protection against RV-associated mortality, vaccine effectiveness in low-income countries has been limited, potentially due to regional differences in the gut microbiota. In this mini review, we briefly detail research findings to date related to HRV vaccine cohorts, studies of natural infection, explorations of RV-microbiota interactions in gnotobiotic pig models, and highlight various in vivo and in vitro models that could be used in future studies to better define how the microbiota may regulate RV infection and host antiviral immune responses.

人类轮状病毒 (HRV) 是全球五岁以下儿童急性腹泻相关死亡的主要原因。 RV 感染小肠，这是微生物群定植的重要部位，过去十年的研究已开始揭示 RV 与肠道微生物群之间的一系列复杂的相互作用。 RV 感染可以暂时改变肠道微生物群的组成，并且益生菌的施用可以减轻体内感染的一些症状，这表明病毒和肠道微生物群之间存在相互影响。虽然有效的 RV 疫苗的开发为预防 RV 相关死亡率提供了重要的保护，但疫苗在低收入国家的有效性受到限制，这可能是由于肠道微生物群的区域差异。在这篇小综述中，我们简要详细介绍了迄今为止与 HRV 疫苗队列、自然感染研究、限生猪模型中 RV-微生物群相互作用的探索相关的研究结果，并重点介绍了可用于未来研究的各种体内和体外模型更好地定义微生物群如何调节 RV 感染和宿主抗病毒免疫反应。