To investigate and verify the degree to which the forming properties of low plasticity materials are improved at room temperature using the granular medium forming (GMF) process at 500 °C, a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian unit calculation model was established and a special mold was designed to conduct a GMF experiment for titanium alloy sheets under different-shaped pressing blocks. Then, using a three-coordinate measuring machine, the sizes of the outer contours of the parts formed at room temperature were measured, and the results showed that the bottom of the parts maintained a smooth surface during the drawing process. As the drawing height increased, the radius of curvature of the cambered surface gradually decreased. By measuring the wall thickness of the parts at different positions from the central axis using a caliper, the wall thickness distribution curves of these parts were obtained, which showed that the deformations of the bottom of the formed parts were uniform and the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution was good. By comparing the GMF experimental data at 500 °C with traditional deep drawing experimental data, it was found that the GMF technology could improve the forming properties of low plastic materials such as titanium alloys.

中文翻译：

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钛合金薄板在500°C时颗粒介质成形工艺的模拟与实验研究

为了研究和验证在500°C下使用颗粒介质成形（GMF）工艺在室温下改善低塑性材料的成形性能的程度，建立了欧拉-拉格朗日耦合单元计算模型，并设计了一种特殊的模具在不同形状的压块下对钛合金板进行GMF实验。然后，使用三坐标测量机测量在室温下形成的零件的外部轮廓的尺寸，结果表明，零件的底部在拉拔过程中保持光滑的表面。随着拉伸高度的增加，弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐减小。通过使用游标卡尺测量与中心轴不同位置的零件的壁厚，得到这些零件的壁厚分布曲线，表明成形零件的底部变形均匀，壁厚分布的均匀性好。通过将500°C下的GMF实验数据与传统的深冲实验数据进行比较，发现GMF技术可以改善低塑性材料（如钛合金）的成型性能。