Some natural hazards may result from the coincidences of anomalies of different climatic variables. These so-called compound events can cause extreme impacts. This study analyzes compounds of extreme temperature with notable convective and stratiform precipitation in the Czech Republic during 1982–2016. Characteristics of compound events obtained from 11 stations’ data are compared with those from the gridded ERA-Interim reanalysis. We found that notable stratiform precipitation frequently coincides with warm nights and warm days in winter but with cold days in the other seasons. While the winter stratiform precipitation coinciding with warm days and warm nights is linked to anticyclonic, southwest, northwest, and anticyclonic-northwest circulation types, the northeast type is the most crucial circulation type linked to notable stratiform precipitation coinciding with cold days in all seasons except winter. The compound events of notable convective precipitation occur most frequently in summer and they are joined mainly with warm days. These compound events are associated with anticyclonic, cyclonic, and northwest circulation types. Although the number of days with stratiform compound events is larger in ERA-Interim than in the station data, the results are qualitatively comparable. ERA-Interim is, however, not able to reproduce convective compound events obtained from the station data.

中文翻译：

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捷克共和国的复合温度和降水事件：台站和重新分析数据中层状降水和对流降水的差异

不同气候变量异常的巧合可能会导致某些自然灾害。这些所谓的复合事件可能导致极端影响。这项研究分析了1982-2016年捷克共和国的极端温度化合物以及对流和层状降水。从11个站点的数据获得的复合事件的特征与通过网格化的ERA-Interim重新分析的特征进行比较。我们发现明显的层状降水通常与冬季的暖夜和暖天同时发生，而在其他季节则与冷天同时发生。虽然冬季暖和的白天和暖夜相一致的冬季层状降水与反气旋，西南，西北和反气旋西北的环流类型有关，东北型是最关键的环流类型，与明显的层状降水有关，除冬季外，所有季节都与寒冷的天气相吻合。对流降水的复合事件在夏季最为频繁，主要与温暖的天气有关。这些复合事件与反气旋，旋风和西北循环类型有关。尽管在ERA-Interim中发生层状复合事件的天数大于台站数据，但结果在质量上是可比的。但是，ERA-Interim无法再现从测站数据获得的对流复合事件。这些复合事件与反气旋，旋风和西北循环类型有关。尽管在ERA-Interim中发生层状复合事件的天数大于台站数据，但结果在质量上是可比的。但是，ERA-Interim无法再现从测站数据获得的对流复合事件。这些复合事件与反气旋，旋风和西北循环类型有关。尽管在ERA-Interim中发生层状复合事件的天数大于台站数据，但结果在质量上是可比的。但是，ERA-Interim无法再现从测站数据获得的对流复合事件。